Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10.4, Problem 2RIA
When electrons flow from the NAD+/NADH conjugate redox pair to the
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Shown below are reduction potentials for four half-reactions. Which of the coupled reactions is favorable? (Note that for Cytochrome c you must multiply the reduction potential by 2 for each coupled reaction because only one electron is involved)
a) 2 Cytochrome c (Fe3+) + H2O ó 2 Cytochrome c (Fe2+) + O2
b) NADH + Succinate- ó NAD+ + Fumarate-
c) Fumarate- + H2O ó Succinate- + O2
d) All of the above
Under standard conditions, will the following reactions proceed spontaneously as written?
(1) Fumarate + NADH + H+
(2)
succinate + NAD+
Cyto a (Fe²+) + cyto b (Fe³+) =
cyto a (Fe³+) + cyto 6 (Fe²+)
b
Using the data in this table, what is the AG° (in KJ/mol) for the reduction of FAD by water?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 10.1 - Figure 10.2 The Relationship of G to the...Ch. 10.1 - What kinds of work are carried out in a cell?...Ch. 10.1 - What is thermodynamics? Summarize the first and...Ch. 10.1 - Define entropy and enthalpy. Do living cells...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 4RIACh. 10.1 - Prob. 5RIACh. 10.2 - Why is ATP called a high-energy molecule? How is...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the energy cycle and ATPs role in it....Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 10.3 - Prob. 2MI
Ch. 10.4 - Figure 10.6 Electron Movement and Reduction...Ch. 10.4 - How is the direction of electron flow between...Ch. 10.4 - When electrons flow from the NAD+/NADH conjugate...Ch. 10.4 - Which among the following would be the best...Ch. 10.4 - In general terms, how is G related to E0? What is...Ch. 10.4 - Name and briefly describe the major electron...Ch. 10.6 - Will an enzyme with a relatively high Km have a...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 10.6 - What is an apoenzyme? A holoenzyme? What are the...Ch. 10.6 - Illustrate the effect enzymes have on the...Ch. 10.6 - How does enzyme activity change with substrate...Ch. 10.6 - What special properties might an enzyme isolated...Ch. 10.6 - What are competitive and noncompetitive...Ch. 10.6 - How are enzymes and ribozymes similar? How do they...Ch. 10.7 - Figure 10.19 Allosteric Regulation. The structure...Ch. 10.7 - Figure 10.21 Feedback Inhibition. Feedback...Ch. 10.7 - Briefly describe the three ways a metabolic...Ch. 10.7 - Define the terms metabolic channeling and...Ch. 10.7 - Define allosteric enzyme and allosteric effector.Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 4RIACh. 10.7 - Prob. 5RIACh. 10.7 - What is the significance of the fact that...Ch. 10 - Examine the structures of macromolecules in...Ch. 10 - Most enzymes do not operate at their biochemical...Ch. 10 - Examine the branched pathway shown here for the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4CHI
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- Indicate whether each of the following changes represents oxidation or reduction. Write: O = for oxidation ; R= for reduction Example: cyt ci (Fet) → cyt c1 (Fe2+) Answer: R Blank #1: COQH2 → CoQ Blank #2: NAD+ - NADH Blank #3: FMN → FMNH2 Blank # 4: FADH2 FAD Blank #5: Fe(III) SP → Fe(II) SP Blank # 1 Blank # 2arrow_forwardRefer to Table to explain why FAD rather than NAD+ is used in the succinate dehydrogenase reaction.arrow_forwardUnder standard conditions, will the following reaction proceed spontaneously as written? Fumarate + NADH + H+⇌ succinate + NAD+arrow_forward
- Balance the following net reaction that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation. Use the smallest whole integers possible for the reaction stoichiometry. NADH+ FADH₂ + ADP+ 0₂+H+PO, ¹ NAD+FAD+ ATP+ +H₂Oarrow_forwardThe values of the reduction potential (Eº') of the conjugated redox pairs NAD+/NADH and pyruvate / lactate are -0'32 V and -0'19 V respectively. a) Which of the two conjugated pairs has a greater tendency to lose electrons? Reason for it. b) What is the strongest oxidizing agent? Reason for it. c) If we start with 1M concentrations of each reagent and product at pH 7.0 in which sense the reaction will pass pyruvate + NADH + H+ ⇄ lactate + NAD+ d) What is the standard free energy variation (ΔGº’ at 25ºC) for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? e) What is the equilibrium constant of this reaction?arrow_forwardGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) as shown. GAP + P + NAD+ 1,3-BPG + NADH Is this reaction spontaneous? How do you know? AG = 6.7 kJ mol-¹ The reaction shown above is coupled to the following reaction in which 1,3-BPG is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG): GAP + P + NAD+ + ADP3-PG + NADH + ATP AG = -18.8 kJ mol-¹ 1,3-BPG+ADP3-PG+ATP Write the equation for the overall conversion of GAP to 3PG. Is the coupled reaction favorable? How do you know?arrow_forward
- 20.12 Classify the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions: |3| a. CH3-C-COO + CO2 + ATP OOC-CH2-C-COO + ADP + P; + H b. CH3-CH2-OH + NAD* CH3-C-H + NADH + H*arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are False?arrow_forward1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?arrow_forward
- Propose a full mechanism for the formation of the diene. Show curved arrows to illustrate electron flow, and please show all steps. Include a brief paragraph that describes the steps of the mechanism and discusses the driving force for the steps shown. (attached is the image)arrow_forwardWhat is the electron transfer of C6H12O6+O2=CO2+H2O?arrow_forwardOzone in the lower atmosphere is a pollutant that can form by the following reaction involving the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons:CH4(g) + 8 O2(g)-------->CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) + 4 O3(g)Use the standard free energies of formation to determine ΔG°rxn for this reaction at 25 °C.arrow_forward
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