Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781936221349
Author: Marc Loudon, Jim Parise
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.1P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons found in Na is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In an atom, the outermost shell of electrons is the valence shell and the electrons present in this shell are called as valence electrons. For any neutral atom in a group of a periodic table, the number of valence electrons is equal to its group number.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons found in Na is one.

Explanation of Solution

The given atom is sodium. The electronic configuration of sodium is,

1s22s22p63s1

It belongs to the group (IA) of the periodic table. Therefore, it has one valence electron.

Conclusion

Sodium has one valence electron.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons found in Ca is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In an atom, the outermost shell of electrons is the valence shell and the electrons present in this shell are called as valence electrons. For any neutral atom in a group of a periodic table, the number of valence electrons is equal to its group number.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons found in Ca is two.

Explanation of Solution

The given atom is calcium. The electronic configuration of calcium is,

1s22s22p63s23p64s2

It belongs to the group (IIA) of the periodic table. Therefore, it has two valence electrons.

Conclusion

Calcium has two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons found in O2 is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In an atom, the outermost shell of electrons is the valence shell and the electrons present in this shell are called as valence electrons. For any neutral atom in a group of a periodic table, the number of valence electrons is equal to its group number.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons found in O2 is eight.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is oxide ion. The electronic configuration of O is,

1s22s22p4

Now, the electronic configuration of O2 is,

1s22s22p6

Oxygen belongs to the group (VIA) of the periodic table and with six valence electrons tends to gain two electrons to complete its octet and form the oxide ion, O2 ion. Therefore, oxide ion has eight valence electrons.

Conclusion

The ion, O2 has eight valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons found in Br+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In an atom, the outermost shell of electrons is the valence shell and the electrons present in this shell are called as valence electrons. For any neutral atom in a group of a periodic table, the number of valence electrons is equal to its group number.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons found in Br+ is six.

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is Br+. The electronic configuration of Br is,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5

Now, the electronic configuration of Br+ is,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4

Bromine belongs to the group (VIIA) of the periodic table and with seven valence electrons tends to lose an electron to form the ion, Br+. Therefore, the ion Br+ has six valence electrons.

Conclusion

The ion, Br+ has six valence electrons.

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