
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The non-hydrogen atom from the given species having a complete octet is to be stated. The formal charge on the atom is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Chemical compounds contain two types of bonds. These are known as ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, the ions are held by the electrostatic interaction between them. In covalent bonds, the atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons. The formal charge is the charge on the constituent atoms in a molecule. It is calculated by using valence electrons of the atom.

Answer to Problem 1.22AP
The non-hydrogen atom in
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
Figure 1
From the above figure, it is clear that number of electrons around carbon atom is
The valence electrons of carbon atom in the
Thus, the formal charge on carbon atom in
The non-hydrogen atom in
(b)
Interpretation:
The non-hydrogen atom from the given species having a complete octet is to be stated. The formal charge on the atom is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Chemical compounds contain two types of bonds. These are known as ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, the ions are held by the electrostatic interaction between them. In covalent bonds, the atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons. The formal charge is the charge on the constituent atoms in a molecule. It is calculated by using valence electrons of the atom.

Answer to Problem 1.22AP
The non-hydrogen atom in
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
Figure 2
From the above figure, it is clear that number of electrons around nitrogen atom is
The valence electrons of nitrogen atom in the
Thus, the formal charge on nitrogen atom in
The non-hydrogen atom in
(c)
Interpretation:
The non-hydrogen atom from the given species having a complete octet is to be stated. The formal charge on the atom is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Chemical compounds contain two types of bonds. These are known as ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, the ions are held by the electrostatic interaction between them. In covalent bonds, the atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons. The formal charge is the charge on the constituent atoms in a molecule. It is calculated by using valence electrons of the atom.

Answer to Problem 1.22AP
The non-hydrogen atom in
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
Figure 3
From the above figure, it is clear that number of electrons around carbon atom is
The valence electrons of carbon atom in the
Thus, the formal charge on carbon atom in
The non-hydrogen atom in
(d)
Interpretation:
The non-hydrogen atom from the given species having a complete octet is to be stated. The formal charge on the atom is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Chemical compounds contain two types of bonds. These are known as ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, the ions are held by the electrostatic interaction between them. In covalent bonds, the atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons. The formal charge is the charge on the constituent atoms in a molecule. It is calculated by using valence electrons of the atom.

Answer to Problem 1.22AP
The non-hydrogen atom in
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
Figure 4
From the above figure, it is clear that number of electrons around boron atom is
The valence electrons of boron atom in the
Thus, the formal charge on boron atom in
The non-hydrogen atom in
(e)
Interpretation:
The non-hydrogen atom from the given species having a complete octet is to be stated. The formal charge on the atom is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Chemical compounds contain two types of bonds. These are known as ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, the ions are held by the electrostatic interaction between them. In covalent bonds, the atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons. The formal charge is the charge on the constituent atoms in a molecule. It is calculated by using valence electrons of the atom.

Answer to Problem 1.22AP
The non-hydrogen atom in
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
Figure 5
From the above figure, it is clear that number of electrons around iodine atom is
The valence electrons of iodine atom in the
Thus, the formal charge on iodine atom in
The non-hydrogen atom in
(f)
Interpretation:
The non-hydrogen atom from the given species having a complete octet is to be stated. The formal charge on the atom is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Chemical compounds contain two types of bonds. These are known as ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, the ions are held by the electrostatic interaction between them. In covalent bonds, the atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons. The formal charge is the charge on the constituent atoms in a molecule. It is calculated by using valence electrons of the atom.

Answer to Problem 1.22AP
The non-hydrogen atom in
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
Figure 6
From the above figure, it is clear that number of electrons around boron atom is
The valence electrons of boron atom in the
Thus, the formal charge on boron atom in
The non-hydrogen atom in
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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