Chapter 1, Problem 1.28AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angle in the given molecule is to be stated. The answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

There are various theories which explain the geometry of the molecules. The geometry is decided on the basis of specific position of atom in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles between the bonded atoms play a major role in this. The bond angle is specific for a specific geometry of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 1.28AP

The bond angle in the given molecule is $96°$. This is due to the V-shaped geometry of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is ${\text{:CH}}_{\text{2}}$. The carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and carries a lone pair of electrons. Thus, it has one lope pair of electrons and two bond pair of electrons. Therefore, the geometry of the given molecule is V-shaped. This geometry of molecule is shown in figure 1.

Figure 1

The bond angle for V-shaped geometry is $96°$. Thus, the bond angle in the given molecule is $96°$.

Conclusion

The bond angle in the given molecule is $96°$. This is due to the V-shaped geometry of the molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The bond angle in the given molecule is to be stated. The answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

There are various theories which explain the geometry of the molecules. The geometry is decided on the basis of specific position of atom in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles between the bonded atoms play a major role in this. The bond angle is specific for a specific geometry of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 1.28AP

The bond angle in the given molecule is $180°$. This is due to the linear geometry of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is ${\text{BeH}}_{\text{2}}$. The boron atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms in a linear way. Thus, it has only two bond pair of electrons. Therefore, the geometry of the given molecule is linear. This geometry of molecule is shown in figure 2.

Figure 2

The bond angle for linear geometry is $180°$. Thus, the bond angle in the given molecule is $180°$.

Conclusion

The bond angle in the given molecule is $180°$. This is due to the linear geometry of the molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The bond angle in the given molecule is to be stated. The answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

There are various theories which explain the geometry of the molecules. The geometry is decided on the basis of specific position of atom in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles between the bonded atoms play a major role in this. The bond angle is specific for a specific geometry of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 1.28AP

The bond angle in the given molecule is $120°$. This is due to the planar geometry of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is ${}^{\text{+}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$. The carbon atom is bonded to three hydrogen atoms and carries a positive charge. Thus, it has three bond pairs of electrons and one positive charge. Therefore, the geometry of the given molecule is planar. This geometry of molecule is shown in figure 3.

Figure 3

The bond angle for planar geometry is $120°$. Thus, the bond angle in the given molecule is $120°$.

Conclusion

The bond angle in the given molecule is $120°$. This is due to the planar geometry of the molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The bond angle in the given molecule is to be stated. The answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

There are various theories which explain the geometry of the molecules. The geometry is decided on the basis of specific position of atom in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles between the bonded atoms play a major role in this. The bond angle is specific for a specific geometry of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 1.28AP

The bond angle in the given molecule is $109.28°$. This is due to the tetrahedral geometry of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is $\text{:}\underset{··}{\overset{··}{{\text{Cl}}_4}}\text{Si}$. The silicon atom is bonded to four chlorine atoms. Thus, it has four bond pairs of electrons. Therefore, the geometry of the given molecule is tetrahedral. This geometry of molecule is shown in figure 4.

Figure 4

The bond angle for tetrahedral geometry is $109.28°$. Thus, the bond angle in the given molecule is $109.28°$.

Conclusion

The bond angle in the given molecule is $109.28°$. This is due to the tetrahedral geometry of the molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The bond angle in the given molecule is to be stated. The answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

There are various theories which explain the geometry of the molecules. The geometry is decided on the basis of specific position of atom in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles between the bonded atoms play a major role in this. The bond angle is specific for a specific geometry of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 1.28AP

The bond angle in the given molecule is $116°$. This is due to the V-shaped geometry of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is shown in figure 5.

Figure 5

In the given molecule, the oxygen atoms are bonded to each other. The geometry of the given molecule is V-shaped. This geometry of molecule is shown in figure 6.

Figure 6

The bond angle for V-shaped geometry in case of ozone is more than the usual bond angle. This is because of the repulsion between the lone pairs of electrons. Thus, the bond angle in the given molecule is $116°$ that is more than the usual angle for V-shaped geometry.

Conclusion

The bond angle in the given molecule is $116°$. This is due to the V-shaped geometry of the molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The bond angle in the given molecule is to be stated. The answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

There are various theories which explain the geometry of the molecules. The geometry is decided on the basis of specific position of atom in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles between the bonded atoms play a major role in this. The bond angle is specific for a specific geometry of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 1.28AP

The bond angle in the given molecule for $\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}$ is $180°$ and for $\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}$ is $120°$. This is due to the geometry of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is shown in figure 7.

Figure 7

In the given molecule, the carbon atoms are bonded to each other in the linear fashion. Thus, it has only bond pair of electrons. Therefore, the geometry of the given molecule is linear. This geometry of molecule is shown in figure 8.

Figure 8

The bond angle for linear geometry is $180°$. But the angle $\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}$ is not linear, it has planar geometry. Therefore, the angle between $\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}$ is $120°$.

Conclusion

The bond angle in the given molecule for $\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}$ is $180°$ and for $\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}$ is $120°$. This is due to the geometry of the molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The bond angle in the given molecule is to be stated. The answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

There are various theories which explain the geometry of the molecules. The geometry is decided on the basis of specific position of atom in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles between the bonded atoms play a major role in this. The bond angle is specific for a specific geometry of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 1.28AP

The bond angle in the given molecule is $120°$. This is due to the planar geometry of the molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is shown in figure 9.

Figure 9

In the given molecule, the nitrogen atom is bonded to two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. Thus, it has three bond pairs of electrons and nitrogen carries a positive charge. Therefore, the geometry of the given molecule is planar. This geometry of molecule is shown in figure 10.

Figure 10

The bond angle for planar geometry is $120°$. Thus, the bond angle in the given molecule is $120°$.

Conclusion

The bond angle in the given molecule is $120°$. This is due to the planar geometry of the molecule.