Organic Chemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781936221349
Author: Marc Loudon, Jim Parise
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.10P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
In the given molecule, all the bond angles and the increasing order of the bond lengths are to be estimated.
Concept introduction:
The three dimensional arrangement of atoms possesses by the molecule in space is known as the molecular geometry. The molecular geometry of any molecule is identified by using the central metal atom, pair of electrons and atoms surrounding the central atom with the help of VSEPR theory. The shape in VSEPR model gives specific angles between the bonds for the corresponding shape and these angles are known as bond angles.
The bond angle for tetrahedral geometry is
The bond angle for trigonal planar geometry is
The bond angle for linear geometry is
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Look at the Lewis structure below and determine the bond angle (See Table at end of problem). What are the bond angles at position 1
and 2
What is the hybridization for the central atom at positions 1
and 2
H.
Look at the Lewis structure below. What is the bond angle at position 1
hybridization for the central atom at positions 1
and 2
? What is the
and 2
H
2
and 2
? What is the
Look at the Lewis structure below. What is the bond angle at position 1
hybridization for the central atom at positions 1
and 2
H.
1
... ...
H.
..
2
The possibilities for bond angle and hybridization are given in this table.
Bond Angles
< 90 90 <109.5 109.5 <120 120 180
Hybridization
sp sp² sp³ sp³d sp³d²
Given the molecule CH2CHCN Please draw a Lewis structure for this compound with CORRECT GEOMETRY and label all sigma and pi bonds with the orbitals it is made from (what orbitals are overlapping to form the bond). You may draw the hybridized sigma orbitals as sticks and the unhybridized p-orbitals as lobes for clarity. For this question, you DO need to draw out the orbitals.
How do sigma and pi bonds differ? How are they similar? What are all of the types of hybrid orbitals that are generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result? Use table to organize your response.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.4PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.5PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.8PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.9PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.11PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.14PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.15PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.18PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.19PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.20PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.21APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.22APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.23APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.24APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.25APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.26APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.27APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.28APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.29APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.30APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.31APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.32APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.33APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.34APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.35APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.36APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.37APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.38APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.39APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.40APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.41APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.42APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.43APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.44APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.45APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.46APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.47APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.48APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.49AP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Aspartame is a compound that is 200 times sweeter than sugar and is used extensively (under the trade name NutraSweet) in diet soft drinks. The skeleton structure of the atoms in aspartame is (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of and bonds in aspartame. (b) What is the hybridization about each carbon atom that forms a double bond with an oxygen atom? (c) What is the hybridization about each nitrogen atom?arrow_forwardBoth the HCH and HCO bond angles of H2CO (formaldehyde) are very close to 120°, but oneis slightly smaller than the other. Predict which is smaller, and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardFor the indicated atoms, what is their hybridization? In what orbital do the lone pairs reside?arrow_forward
- What is the role of wave interference in determining whether a molecular orbital is bonding or antibonding? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. constructive an increased a diminished higher opposite phases the same phase particles waves destructive lower Reset Help The electrons in orbitals behave like waves therefore the bonding molecular orbital arises from the constructive interference between the atomic orbitals, because orbitals have the same phase; the antibonding molecular orbital arises from the destructive interference between the atomic orbitals, because the interacting orbitals have opposite phases The bonding orbital has higher electron density in the internuclear region and, therefore, lower energy. The antibonding orbital has a node in the internuclear region and, therefore, higher in energy than atomic orbitals. "arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE for covalent pi bonds? (Choose as many as apply. Hint: There are 4 correct answers!) Pi bonds arise from head-on overlap of two orbitals. Pi bonds arise from sideways overlap of two orbitals. The electron density in a pi bond is found above and below the axis between the two bonded nuclei. The electron density in a pi bond is found in between the two bonded nuclei. A pi bond can exist independently; not every pi bond is accompanied by an associated o bond. Pi bonds always exist in conjunction with an associated o bond; they can never exist independently. The pi bonds in a molecule determine the shape of the molecule. There can be more than one pi bond between two nuclei. Every covalent bond contains at least one pi bond.arrow_forward2) a) Consider the following molecule . Given what you have learned about hybridization theory, draw an image or images explaining the bonding situation in this molecule. I want you to draw out all of the orbitals, hybrid orbitals and how they overlap to form the bonds in the molecule. Indicate the % s or p character in the given atomic and hybrid orbitals. Which C-C bond or bonds are the longest? In a paragraph or so explain the image or images you just drew. b) Lastly, consider the molecule below. Indicate the Molecular formula, the molar mass, label the hybridization of each atom except for hydrogen, indicate any chiral centers with a *, which bond or bonds are the shortest, identify by name of each functional group with an arrow pointing to the group.arrow_forward
- (please give clear handwritten answer) Draw a complete molecular orbital diagram for LiF. Explain that Energy levels of the atomic orbitals and what kind of character the bonding and antibonding orbitals display.arrow_forwardGive detailed Solution with explanation needed..give answer all sub parts if you not then don't give answerarrow_forwardHow can the VSEPR model be used to predict the hybridization of an atom in a molecule? Answer by selecting all true statements. O The bonding orientation predicted by the VSEPR model matches the orientation predicted using hybrid orbitals. O For a given atom in a molecule, the number of non-bonding electron domains predicted by the VSEPR model translates into the same number of hybrid orbitals. O The shape of the electron domains around the central atom is used to predict the hybridization of the atom. O Once the number of electron domains has been correctly predicted from the VSEPR model, only one type of hybrid orbital set will "match". eTextbook and Media Hint Save for Later Last saved 1 minute ago. Attempts: 11 of 15 used Submit Answe Saved work will be auto-submitted on the due date. Auto- submission can take up to 10 minutes. etv N NOV 17 MacBook Air DII DD 吕0 888 F9 F10 F5 F6 F7 F3 F4 F2 81arrow_forward
- Acetylacetone has the structure shown here. Estimate the values of the indicated angles.arrow_forwardSpecify the hybridization at the atom labeled a-d. For each atom enter one of the following: sp3, dsp2, sp3d, or sp.arrow_forwardA MO scheme for CO2 is shown below. Fill in the electrons for both the atoms and the molecule. Notice that since there are 2 oxygens, there are six p orbitals and two s orbitals associated with the right hand column of the MO scheme. Determine which orbitals are bonding vs. nonbonding, vs. antibonding and calculate the bond order. Notice that the names of the MO’s are no longer s and p - they have other names. (Hint: bonding vs. antibonding vs. nonbonding can be figured out based on the energy of the MOs and the positioning of the dashed lines.) Compare the bond order to the valence bond picture of CO2, [O=C=O]. How are they related?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physical Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133958437
Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR QUANTUM MECHANICS -Valence bond theory - 1; Author: AGK Chemistry;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8kPBPqDIwM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY