Would an antibiotic that targets cell wall synthesis have more or less toxic side effects than one that targets the ribosome? Explain this question in detail and easy to understand
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Would an antibiotic that targets cell wall synthesis have more or less toxic side effects than one that targets the ribosome? Explain this question in detail and easy to understand
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- Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy prokaryotic cellular structures or processes that are different than those of eukaryotic cells or may not even be present in eukaryotic cells. List and describe at least three prokaryotic cellular features that could be targeted to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen without harming its eukaryotic host.For any antibiotic compounds that don’t appear to inhibit translation of proteins from the ribosome, purpose another potential mechanism whereby this class of antibiotic might be able to act (outside of cell wall/membrane formation). Explain in deatil.The most selectively toxic antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because ________. Group of answer choices bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the actions of the drugs bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage
- Explain why drugs that effect bacterial ribosomes can be safely used in treating people.In general, why might cell-wall inhibiting antimicrobial drugs be less effective on gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria? The gram-negative bacteria digest these drugs at a much higher rate than gram-positive bacteria. The mutation rate of gram-negative bacteria is much greater than that of gram-positive bacteria. The outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria inhibits penetration of the drug. The peptidoglycan found in gram-positive bacteria is structurally different from that in gram-negative bacteria. The gram-negative bacteria do not synthesize peptidoglycan.Why might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.
- Use the following statements that best describes the antibiotic mechanism for each: Statement: Targets cell wall synthesis Targets protein synthesis Targets nucleic acid synthesis Targets cell membrane Inhibits folic acid synthesis (metabolism inhibitor) E. coli plate antibiotic: Amoxicillin Cephalothin Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxicin Clindamycin Erythromycin Oxacillin Penicillin G S. aureus Other Streptomycin Tetracycline Tobramycin Trimethoprim sulfaThen there are the drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways. Describe how sulfa drugs act to prevent the bacterial cell from producing folic acid which is necessary for DNA production and thus binary fission.Explain the following terms lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus).
- We have many antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections, but very few for viruses. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections? Hint: What would the targets for the drugs be?Antibiotic X binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of 70S ribosomes and blocks normal ribosomal function. Which of the following is true of this drug? It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes. It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotes as they lack peptidoglycan. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and in eukaryotes. It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic transcription. It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, as well as in eukaryotes that possess cell walls.Bacterial growth depends on many environmental factors, including the temperature of the environment. Since microbes can survive in a certain range of temperatures and will thrive at a temperature, understanding these variables allows for control of their growth. This understanding can be used, for example, to preserve certain foods or to treat infections. This lab simulation will use an instrument called a spectrophotometer. This instrument quantitatively measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by molecules in solution a) In your own words give an introduction to the microbial growth and the effect tempature has. b) In your own words explain the importance of the spectrophotometer in regards to microbial growth. c) In your own words give a hypothesis on how bacteria will react to different temperatures.