How does the immune system mitigate itself to prevent the onset of autoimmune diseases? How do genetics and epigenetics play a role in the onset of autoimmune disease? What other diseases would occur co-incidently with ankylosing spondylitis, based on the mutation associated with it?
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- What mechanism do Tc cells use to identify anddestroy infected cells in the body? How do Th cells differfrom Tc cells, and how do the different subsets of Thcells differ from each other?Some primitive organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive immune system, but they have somecomponents of an innate immune system, including phagocytes andcertain protective proteins. What are some general features of innateimmunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?Why is it necessary for immature T lymphocytes toundergo a two-step selection process through whichantigen-reactive cells are first selected followed bythe elimination of cells that react strongly withself-antigens?
- What is the name given toconditions in which the ownimmune system of theindividual is the agent ofdiseases? What are someexamples of these conditions?What is chronic inflammation and how is it mediated?How is chronic inflammation related to autoimmune diseases? explain at your own words(74) A rare from of immunologic syndrome is assciated with recurrent skin lesions, eosinophilia, and increased serum concentrations of IgE. In patients with this syndrome , which of the following cytokines is most likely to be increased? (A) Interleukin-1 Beta( Il-1B) (B) Interleukin-2 ( IL-2) (C) Interleukin-4 (IL-4) (D) Interleukin-6 (IL-60 (E) Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
- Which statement about autologous is true? Question 42 options: a) Autologous tissue should have the same shelf-life as allogeneic tissue under the same storage. b) Autologous tissue is not regulated by the AATB. c) Autologous tissue has a different outdate than aoolgeneic tissue. d) The medical director can have autologous tissue reassigned to an allogeneic donor if it is not used by the autologous donor.Is Crohn's disease considered as an autoimmune disease. If it is, are there other predisposing factors to it other than genetics? If it is not, what is its nature?Which of the followings is molecular pathology associated with ADA mutations that cause immunodeficiency? a) accumulation of deoxyadenosine and its precursors S-adenosylhomocysteine and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) with toxic effects on immature lymphocytes, b)accumulation of deoxyguanosine and deoxyguanosine triphosphate, with toxic effects on immature lymphocytes
- High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs to protect these areasfrom invading microbes, but cannot respond as strongly to the normal microflorawithout causing problems. What are somepossible ways that immune cells coulddistinguish “good” from “bad” bacteria?Explain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: What types of interferons are activated by viruses at the earliest stages of infection? How are interferons activated? What types of stimuli activate interferons at the earliest stages of viral infection.? Identify the receptors to which interferon binds and how their activation affects gene expression?What are the roles of the following cytokines in defense against infections: 1) TNF 2) IL-12 3) Type I Interferon