the b. Determine the predicted genotype and phenotype ratios in children of a noncarrier woman with normal vision and a color-blind man. Parent phenotypes Parent genotypes Gametes Punnett Square Genotype Ratio Phenotype Ratio c. From which parent does a color-blind son inherit the gene for color-blindness? Karyotype Analysis Working in teams of two, use the documents in the, "Karyotype Analysis" folder (manila) to construct a Magnetic Karyotype using the Magnetic Chromosomes on your bench. Indicate the following about your "baby's" completed karyotype: Number of chromosomes: #b Sex: female If there is a genetic condition indicated by your completed karyotype, write it here: 19 the 78 b. Determine the predicted phenotype ratio in children of a woman who is dihybrid (heterozygous) for right-handed and free earlobes and a man who is left-handed with attached earlobes. Parent phenotypes Parent genotypes Gametes Punnett Square Phenotype Ratio 0311 ارد right-handed free earlobes right-handed attached earlobes left-handed free earlobes left-handed attached earlobes 6. Linked Genes a. Indicate the types of gametes (letters) produced by an AaBb dihybrid when the: Genes are not linked Genes are linked

the b. Determine the predicted genotype and phenotype ratios in children of a noncarrier woman with normal vision and a color-blind man. Parent phenotypes Parent genotypes Gametes Punnett Square Genotype Ratio Phenotype Ratio c. From which parent does a color-blind son inherit the gene for color-blindness? Karyotype Analysis Working in teams of two, use the documents in the, "Karyotype Analysis" folder (manila) to construct a Magnetic Karyotype using the Magnetic Chromosomes on your bench. Indicate the following about your "baby's" completed karyotype: Number of chromosomes: #b Sex: female If there is a genetic condition indicated by your completed karyotype, write it here: 19 the 78 b. Determine the predicted phenotype ratio in children of a woman who is dihybrid (heterozygous) for right-handed and free earlobes and a man who is left-handed with attached earlobes. Parent phenotypes Parent genotypes Gametes Punnett Square Phenotype Ratio 0311 ارد right-handed free earlobes right-handed attached earlobes left-handed free earlobes left-handed attached earlobes 6. Linked Genes a. Indicate the types of gametes (letters) produced by an AaBb dihybrid when the: Genes are not linked Genes are linked

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter10: From Proteins To Phenotypes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS: A couple was referred for genetic counseling because they wanted to know the chances of having a...

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A couple was referred for genetic counseling because they wanted to know the chances of having a child with dwarfism. Both the man and the woman had achondroplasia (MIM 100800), the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism. The couple knew that this condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but they were unsure what kind of physical manifestations a child would have if it inherited both mutant alleles. They were each heterozygous for the FGFR3 (MIM 134934) allele that causes achondroplasia. Normally, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with growth factors outside the cell and receives signals that control growth and development. In achrodroplasia, a mutation alters the activity of the receptor, resulting in a characteristic form of dwarfism. Because both the normal and mutant forms of the FGFR3 protein act before birth, no treatment for achrondroplasia is available. The parents each carry one normal allele and one mutant allele of FGRF3, and they wanted information on their chances of having a homozygous child. The counsellor briefly reviewed the phenotypic features of individuals with achondroplasia. These include facial features (large head with prominent forehead; small, flat nasal bridge; and prominent jaw), very short stature, and shortening of the arms and legs. Physical examination and skeletal X-ray films are used to diagnose this condition. Final adult height is approximately 4 feet. Because achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition, a heterozygote has a 1-in-2, or 50%, chance of passing this trait to his or her offspring. However, about 75% of those with achondroplasia have parents of average size who do not carry the mutant allele. In these cases, achondroplasia is due to a new mutation. In the couple being counseled, each individual is heterozygous, and they are at risk for having a homozygous child with two copies of the mutated gene. Infants with homozygous achondroplasia are either stillborn or die shortly after birth. The counselor recommended prenatal diagnosis via ultrasounds at various stages of development. In addition, a DNA test is available to detect the homozygous condition prenatally. Should the parents be concerned about the heterozygous condition as well as the homozygous mutant condition?
A couple was referred for genetic counseling because they wanted to know the chances of having a child with dwarfism. Both the man and the woman had achondroplasia (MIM 100800), the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism. The couple knew that this condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but they were unsure what kind of physical manifestations a child would have if it inherited both mutant alleles. They were each heterozygous for the FGFR3 (MIM 134934) allele that causes achondroplasia. Normally, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with growth factors outside the cell and receives signals that control growth and development. In achrodroplasia, a mutation alters the activity of the receptor, resulting in a characteristic form of dwarfism. Because both the normal and mutant forms of the FGFR3 protein act before birth, no treatment for achrondroplasia is available. The parents each carry one normal allele and one mutant allele of FGRF3, and they wanted information on their chances of having a homozygous child. The counsellor briefly reviewed the phenotypic features of individuals with achondroplasia. These include facial features (large head with prominent forehead; small, flat nasal bridge; and prominent jaw), very short stature, and shortening of the arms and legs. Physical examination and skeletal X-ray films are used to diagnose this condition. Final adult height is approximately 4 feet. Because achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition, a heterozygote has a 1-in-2, or 50%, chance of passing this trait to his or her offspring. However, about 75% of those with achondroplasia have parents of average size who do not carry the mutant allele. In these cases, achondroplasia is due to a new mutation. In the couple being counseled, each individual is heterozygous, and they are at risk for having a homozygous child with two copies of the mutated gene. Infants with homozygous achondroplasia are either stillborn or die shortly after birth. The counselor recommended prenatal diagnosis via ultrasounds at various stages of development. In addition, a DNA test is available to detect the homozygous condition prenatally. What if the couple wanted prenatal testing so that a normal fetus could be aborted?
Analysis of X-Linked Dominant and Recessive Traits Suppose a couple, both phenotypically normal, have two children: one unaffected daughter and one son affected with a genetic disorder. The phenotype ratio is 1:1, making it difficult to determine whether the trait is autosomal or X-linked. With your knowledge of genetics, what are the genotypes of the parents and children in the autosomal case? In the X-linked case?
Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mikes aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation. Seventy-five percent of people who carry the mutant allele will get colon cancer by age 65. This is an example of incomplete penetrance. What could cause this?
Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mikes aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation. Once a family member is tested for the mutant allele, is it hard for other family members to remain unaware of their own fate, even if they did not want this information? How could family dynamics help or hurt this situation?
Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mikes aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation. Is colon cancer treatable? What are the common treatments, and how effective are they?
A pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?
Analysis of Autosomal Recessive and Dominant Traits Huntington disease is a rare, fatal disease that usually develops in the fourth or fifth decade of life. It is caused by a single autosomal dominant allele. A phenotypically normal man in his twenties who has a 2-year-old son of his own learns that his father has developed Huntington disease. What is the probability that he himself will develop the disease? What is the chance that his young son will eventually develop the disease?
Analysis of Autosomal Recessive and Dominant Traits Does the indicated individual (III-5) show the trait in question?
The gene for flower position in pea plants exists as axial or terminal alleles. Given that axial is dominant to terminal, list all of the possible F1 and F2 genotypes and phenotypes from a cross involving parents that are homozygous for each trait. Express genotypes with conventional genetic abbreviations.
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) can most be easily diagnosed by _______. a. pedigree analysis. b. aneuploidy c. karyotyping d. phenotypic treatment
More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Determine the possible genotypes of the following parents by analyzing the phenotypes of their children. In this case, we will assume that brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue (b) and that right-handedness (R) is dominant to left-handedness (r). a. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed brown eyes, right-handed Offspring: 3/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed b. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, right-handed Offspring: 6/16 blue eyes, right-handed 2/16 blue eyes, left-handed 6/16 brown eyes, right-handed 2/16 brown eyes, left-handed c. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, left-handed Offspring: 1/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 brown eyes, left-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, left-handed