Do not use Ai Activated protein kinase C (PKC) can lead to the modification of the membrane lipids in the vicinity of theactive PKC. You have discovered the enzyme activated by PKC that mediates the lipid modification. Youcall the enzyme Rafty and demonstrate that activated PKC directly phosphorylates Rafty, activating it tomodify the plasma membrane lipids in the vicinity of the cell where PKC is active. Explain how each of thefollowing will affect the lipid modification:A. a Ca2+ channel in the endoplasmic reticulum with an increased affinity for IP3B. a mutation in the gene that encodes Rafty such that the enzyme can no longer be phosphorylated byPKC

Approach to Solving the Question:The question revolves around understanding how modifications in…

Answered: Activated protein kinase C (PKC) can…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Similar questions

Animal cells utilize rapid increases in cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration to respond to certain extracellular signals. This requires keeping the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration very low in the absence of signal (when the cell is “at rest”) and increasing the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration when a signal is detected. Propose a mechanism by which the action of Ca++ transport proteins in the plasma membrane can account for the reversibility of Ca++ levels in the cytosol. Be sure to indicate whether active or passive transport is involved as well as the type of transport protein (channel or carrier) responsible.
Most of the GLP-1 receptor structure form part of the transmembrane domain (TMD) that is embedded in the plasma membrane. The TMD enables the transmission of signal induced by the binding of GLP-1 from outside the cell into the cytoplasm of the cell, which in turn initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to insulin secretion. Is the TMD of the receptor mainly hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Explain your answer in 1 – 3 sentences.
a. Molecule X is a soluble protein that is secreted in response to extracellular signal Y. Which sorting signal must molecule X have? b. Why is the sorting signal mentioned above important for the sorting of molecule X? Explain c. Extracellular signal Y is a soluble cytosolic protein. Taking into consideration the composition and property of plasma membrane, discuss how the cell receives information from extracellular signal Y and relays the information through the plasma membrane?
Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na+– glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 163 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is −54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C.
Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na* concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na* ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 141 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* lin) is 19.0 mM, and the cell potential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AGglac 9.63 Incorrect kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose), to [glucose)out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? O 2700 1.13 3.7 x 10- 7.90
Give Detailed Solution ( no need Handwritten)
When you think about the primary structure of the mannose-6-P receptor, assuming that it is an integral membrane protein with one membrane-spanning domain and assuming that it has a ERSS, what are all of the different protein domains that must be present in this protein's primary structure to get it to where it needs to go and to carry out all of the functions/activities? (Draw a schematic of the protein structure/sequence and explain each region). What do you think would happen to a soluble protein that normally contains a KDEL tag (ER retrieval) if the tag was cleaved off (where would the protein end up)?
O Att Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recall that the Nat concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Nat ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 161 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* Jm) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -50.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. What is the maximum ratio of (glucose] to [glucoselout 10.62 kJ AG gluc mol that could theoretically be produced if the energy Incorrect coupling were 100% efficient? O 1.13 8.24 3800 2.6 x 10 Incorrect
Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 155 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+ lin) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AGgluc = kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose] in to [glucose]out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? O 2700 7.89 O 1.14 3.7 x 10-4
ATP is both an inhibitor and substrate of adenyl cyclase. As a substrate, the enzyme converts ATP to cyclic AMP only when the energy sources of cells are low. cAMP mediates the synthesis of a kinase that adds a phosphate to glycogen synthase and phosphorylase. The Km value of the active site is 3.5 x 10-5M while the Km for the allosteric site is 1.7 x 10-3M. What is the implication of the difference in Km value of the active and allosteric site in terms of the utilization of the stored sources of energy of cells? Explain.
Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na*-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na* lout) is 147 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AG gluc kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose]in to [glucose] out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? 1.13 2.3 × 10-4 8.36 4300
Very briefly, explain how increased cytoplasmic IP3 levels can then increase cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) levels.

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