15. Imagine evolution of allele frequencies on an island under these conditions: **The population on the adjacent continent is fixed for allele A₁.**Conditions on the island favor A2 ; fitness of A,A₁, AA₂, and A2A2 genotypes are: 1, 1+s, and 1 + 2s. **There is a migration rate of m individuals/N per generation from the continent. = 5 x 104, what will be the a) Given that s = 0.01 and m equilibrium frequency of A₂? What will this mean for local adaptation?" Answer: b) If m = 0.5, what will happen to the frequency of A₂? What is this phenomenon called and what will this mean for local adaptation? ( Answer: c) Does gene flow always have a negative effect on adaptation? If no, explain how a positive effect of gene flow on adaptation might arise. (points) Answer: 16. It is now common to score thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in many individuals sampled from several populations. Many of these SNPs are neutral and therefore provide information about rates of migration among populations. SNPs that show unusual patterns of genetic variation may indicate regions of the genome that are subject to selection. a) Will loci involved in local adaptation, such that different alleles are favored in different populations, show unusually high or unusually low values of FST between populations? Explain your answer and give an example from lecture where we saw this. ( oints) Answer. b) What could account for SNPs that show high heterozygosity within populations but unusually low values of FST between populations? Answer: