Use this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence. 5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’

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Use this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence.

5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’

Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that)

A missense mutation that is also a transversion

**Table 13.1: The Genetic Code**

The chart illustrates the genetic code used in translating mRNA sequences into amino acids. The genetic code is presented in a table format, consisting of triplet codons, which represent sequences of three nucleotides (bases). These triplet codons correspond to specific amino acids or signaling instructions (such as the start or stop of protein synthesis).

**Layout and Explanation:**

- **Rows and Columns:** 
  - The table is arranged based on combinations of three nucleotide bases, denoted as U (Uracil), C (Cytosine), A (Adenine), and G (Guanine).
  - The first column on the left represents the first base.
  - The top row represents the second base.
  - The right column represents the third base.

- **Codons and Amino Acids:**
  - Each cell within the table contains a group of triplet codons that code for the same amino acid or function.
  - Amino acids, along with their three-letter and one-letter codes, are listed next to their corresponding codons.

**Content Details:**

- **First Base = U:**
  - Second Base U: 
    - Phenylalanine (Phe) - UUU, UUC
    - Leucine (Leu) - UUA, UUG 
  - Second Base C:
    - Serine (Ser) - UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG   
  - Second Base A:
    - Tyrosine (Tyr) - UAU, UAC
    - Stop codons - UAA, UAG
  - Second Base G:
    - Cysteine (Cys) - UGU, UGC
    - Stop codon - UGA
    - Tryptophan (Trp) - UGG

- **First Base = C:**
  - Second Base U:
    - Leucine (Leu) - CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG
  - Second Base C:
    - Proline (Pro) - CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
  - Second Base A:
    - Histidine (His) - CAU, CAC
    - Glutamine (Gln) - CAA, CAG
  - Second Base G:
    - Arginine (Arg) - CGU
Transcribed Image Text:**Table 13.1: The Genetic Code** The chart illustrates the genetic code used in translating mRNA sequences into amino acids. The genetic code is presented in a table format, consisting of triplet codons, which represent sequences of three nucleotides (bases). These triplet codons correspond to specific amino acids or signaling instructions (such as the start or stop of protein synthesis). **Layout and Explanation:** - **Rows and Columns:** - The table is arranged based on combinations of three nucleotide bases, denoted as U (Uracil), C (Cytosine), A (Adenine), and G (Guanine). - The first column on the left represents the first base. - The top row represents the second base. - The right column represents the third base. - **Codons and Amino Acids:** - Each cell within the table contains a group of triplet codons that code for the same amino acid or function. - Amino acids, along with their three-letter and one-letter codes, are listed next to their corresponding codons. **Content Details:** - **First Base = U:** - Second Base U: - Phenylalanine (Phe) - UUU, UUC - Leucine (Leu) - UUA, UUG - Second Base C: - Serine (Ser) - UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG - Second Base A: - Tyrosine (Tyr) - UAU, UAC - Stop codons - UAA, UAG - Second Base G: - Cysteine (Cys) - UGU, UGC - Stop codon - UGA - Tryptophan (Trp) - UGG - **First Base = C:** - Second Base U: - Leucine (Leu) - CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG - Second Base C: - Proline (Pro) - CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG - Second Base A: - Histidine (His) - CAU, CAC - Glutamine (Gln) - CAA, CAG - Second Base G: - Arginine (Arg) - CGU
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