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- QUESTION 18 You are studying an emerging pathogen. You discover that patients have been infected up to twenty years previously with the pathogen though they did not develop signs and Upon further analysis you note that their major organ systems have been slowly damaged by the pathogen over time. You will document this pathogen as causing which type of infection? latent zoonotic acute O chranic QUESTION 19 Which of the following is a type of membrane disrupting toxin? O a. superantigen O b. botulinum toxin Oc coagulase O d. phosopholipase QUESTION 20 Which of the following is an example of an exoenzyme that can allow microbes to be more invasive? O a. hyaluronidase O b.coagulase Oc ipid A O d. superantigenQuestion 22 Which of these combats invaders by releasing granules? О В сel O dendritic cell O eosinophil O macrophageQuestion 3 The following are inflammatory mediators C-reactive protein histamine albumin a and b b and c O O O O O
- Question Once H. capsulatum spores have infected a persons lungs, the spores germinate into the yeastlike form of the fungus. This form induces an immune response leading to phagocytosis of the fungus. Which of the following cells are phagocytotic cells? Your Answer A Change Answer A. Macrophages B T helper cells C. T cytotoxic cells Natural killer cellsQUESTION 3 The phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-1) in the outer membrane of M. leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, has been implicated in the invasion of host phagocytic cells. When the gene for PGL-1 is eliminated from the mycobacterium, infectivity is decreased. This is evidence that PGL-1 is a virulence factor for M. leprae. O True O False QUESTION 4 Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses. @True O FalseQUESTION 10 Which imaging method would give you the technical ability to view the details of the honeycomb lattice formed by the clathrin triskelions in coated pits prior to vesicle formation? OA. Immunohistochemistry imaged with fluorescence microscopy O B. Phase contrast microscopy OC. Scanning Electron Mcroscopy OD. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy QUESTION 11 You are interested in studying how neuron signaling is regulated in the human brain. Which of the following model organisms might you consider using for your experiments? OA. Mus musculus OB. Saccromyces cerevisiae O Arabidopsis thaliana OD. Escherichia coli QUESTION 12 Why is the resolution of electron microscopy generally higher than light microscopy? OA. The magnification is higher with electron microscopy which always makes the resolution higher. OB. The samples are thinner for electron microscopy. OC. The wavelength of electrons is smaller than the wavelength of light. OD. It is only because the…
- QUESTION 16 Which integral membrane protein are responsible for communicating signals from the extracellular matrix and/or basement membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton? A Fibronectin B Adherens junctions C Cadherins D IntegrinsQuestion is based on the following passage. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in our society. Cancer is a disease in which a cell in the body loses its sensitivity to factors which regulate cell growth and division. The cell begins to multiply without restriction, creating a growing mass called a tumor, which interferes with the structure and functioning of the organ in which it is located. Frequently, cancer cells become metastatic, meaning that they travel, settling in a number of places and giving rise to secondary tumors. Much of medical research is devoted to finding ways of preventing, controlling, and curing cancer. Because of the metastatic trait of cancer cells, how can we judge a cancer treatment to be effective? A. if the original-source tumor has been identified B. if the entire body has been proven free of tumors over a period of time C. if the highest possible levels of treatment have been used D. if the complete tumor is removed E. if no new cancer cells are…QUESTION 75 How does the action of exocytosis by dendritic.cells and macrophages differ from that of neutrophils? O Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily release products of any cellular origin, whereas neutrophils primarily release products of autophagy. O Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily release products of autophagy, whereas neutrophils primarily release products of any cellular origin. O Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily act as antigen-presenting cells, whereas neutrophils primarily release microbial fragments. O Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily release microbial fragments, whereas neutrophils primarily act as antigen-presenting cells. QUESTION 76 Which is the correct order of events during the inflammatory response? O Diapedesis, vasodilation, phagocytosis, margination O Phagocytosis, margination, diapedesis, vasodilation O Vasodilation, margination, diapedesis, phagocytosis Margination, vasodilation, diapedesis, phagocytosis QUESTION 77 Gram-negative…
- Question 37 T cells. In MHC restriction Plasma cells are restricted to becoming T cells CD8 cell restricting its "lethal hit" to an APC-infected cell. O B cells are restricted to turning into plasma cells after antigen stimulation. O CD4 cells are restricted to binding to MHC class II receptors.Question:- 2-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys helper T cells. Briefly explain why people who are infected with this virus develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Question 10B If a drug could prevent increase in the permeability of blood vessels, what effect would this have on inflammation? Would it affect all the symptoms or just some? The drug ONLY affects blood vessel permeability.