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Write at least 5 sentences about Barbara McClintock. Tell us who she was, and what her major contributions to genetics were.
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- Suppose you are arrested for a serious crime and a DNA profile is created and entered into databases. Later, you are proven innocent. Should you have the right to have your DNA profile removed from all databases?Mary and Marcie. identical twins, go to the same internist who is also a faculty member at a major medical center. At their last visit, they each received a brochure describing a genetics research program recently launched by the hospital and its affiliated university. Researchers were asking for volunteers to fill out a questionnaire and a consent form, donate a blood sample, and have their medical records encoded and transferred to a database. The goal was to enroll 100,000 participants, and the brochure noted that over 10,000 people had already agreed to participate. The blood sample would be used to extract DNA. which would be encoded with the same number as the medical records. This DNA would be used to search for genes associated with conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. The idea is that researchers interested in studying arthritis would use the medical records to identify which participants have the condition and then use DNA from those individuals to find genetic similarities that are not present in participants who do not have arthritis. The genetic similarities help identify regions of the genome that contain genes associated with arthritis. These regions can then be studied in detail to identify and isolate genes that may be associated with arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. In exchange for enrolling, participants would be informed about any genetic conditions or predispositions to genetic disease they carry and would receive free access to testing. After discussing the brochure. Mary decided to enroll, but Marcie decided she did not want to do so. She said she did not want to know what diseases she may develop or which disease genes she may carry. At their next annual visit. Marys internist told her that because her questionnaire indicated that some relatives had Alzheimer disease, her DNA was used in a study to identify risk genes. He said she had been identified as a carrier of a gene that greatly increased the likelihood that she would develop Alzheimer disease. The physician told her that age was the greatest risk factor, and while it was not 100% certain she would become a victim of Alzheimer disease, the gene she carries is a factor in 2025% of all cases. Mary asked if there was anything she could do about these findings. The internist told her that exercise, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels, as well as participating in mentally challenging activities such as reading or playing a musical instrument may all help reduce her chances of developing this disease. Mary then asked if Marcie was going to be told about Marys genetic risk, and the internist said that he would not tell her. For the next few days. Mary was conflicted about the situation. Marcie was an Identical twin, and If Mary carried a gene predisposing her to Alzheimer disease. Marcie must carry the same gene. Marcie did not exercise with Mary, had high blood pressure, and little interest in reading or social activities. Mary did not know whether she should tell Marcie. If you were advising Mary, what would you say? Should she tell Marcie about the risk? Should she not tell her, but instead try to get Marcie to exercise and be more social? Should Mary ask their internist to talk with Marcie about this?A set of cells that host various DNA fragments collectively representing an organisms entire set of genetic information is called a _______ . a. genome c. genomic library b. clone d. GMO
- Pedigree Analysis Is a Basic Method in Human Genetics Using the pedigree provided, answer the following questions. a. Is the proband male or female? b. Is the grandfather of the proband affected? c. How many siblings does the proband have, and where is he or she in the birth order?If you had cancer, would you donate tissue samples to this project? Would you want to know about privacy issues and the possible release of parts of your medical records?As a physician, you deliver a baby with protruding heels and clenched fists with the second and fifth fingers over-lapping the third and fourth fingers. a. What genetic disorder do you suspect the baby has? b. How do you confirm your suspicion?
- The Joneses were referred to a clinical geneticist because their 6-month-old daughter was failing to grow adequately and was having recurrent infections. The geneticist took a detailed family history (which was uninformative) and a medical history of their daughter. He discovered that their daughter had a history of a constant cough and wheeze that was becoming progressively worse, had difficulty gaining weight (failure to thrive), and had an extensive history of yeast infection (thrush) in her mouth. The geneticist did a simple blood test to check their daughters white blood count and determined that she had severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The geneticist explained that SCID is an immune deficiency that causes a marked susceptibility to infections. The defining characteristic is usually a severe defect in both the T- and B-lymphocyte systems. This results in one or more infections within the first few months of life that are serious and may even be life-threatening. Based on the family history, it was possible that their daughter had inherited a mutant allele from each of them and therefore was homozygous for a gene that causes SCID. If so, each time the Joneses had a child, there would be a 25% chance that the child would have SCID. Prenatal testing is available to determine whether the developing fetus has SCID. If the Joneses want to be certain that their next child will not have SCID, what types of reproductive options do you think they have?What is the genetic basis and phenotype for each of the following disorders (use proper genetic notation)? a. Edwards syndrome b. Patau syndrome c. Klinefelter syndrome d. Down syndromeThe study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease is known as ________________. cytology genetics
- You are a genetic counselor, and your patient has asked to be tested to determine if she carries a gene that predisposes her to early-onset cancer. If your patient has this gene, there is a 50/50 chance that all of her siblings inherited the gene as well; there is also a 50/50 chance that it will be passed on to their offspring. Your patient is concerned about confidentiality and does not want anyone in her family to know she is being tested, including her identical twin sister. Your patient is tested and found to carry a mutant allele that gives her an 85% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer and a 60% lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. At the result-disclosure session, she once again reiterates that she does not want anyone in her family to know her test results. a. Knowing that a familial mutation is occurring in this family, what would be your next course of action in this case? b. Is it your duty to contact members of this family despite the request of your patient? Where do your obligations lie: with your patient or with the patients family? Would it be inappropriate to try to persuade the patient to share her results with her family members?Did the fact that Prince Albert and Queen Victoria were first cousins have anything to do with the fact that she carried the allele for hemophilia? Why or why not?Pedigree Analysis Is a Basic Method in Human Genetic: What does OMIM stand for? What kinds of information are in this database?
