Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 36CTQ
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting die central nervous system. What type of cell would be the most likely target of this disease? Why?
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multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which the patient's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. what types of symptoms would you expect from such a disease? why? would Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes be affected? explain
Which statement is true regarding the nervous system?
a) Damaged myelin on an axon has no effect with its ability to transmit an action potential
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d) Neurons can communicate with other cells without the use of neurotransmitters
over a period of 3 years , a 40 year old man develops generalized dystonic , hyperkinetic movements and progressive dementia , his mother and one sister have a similar disease but his father and another sister are healthy. which of the following lesions is mostly likely to be present in the cerebral nervous system of the patient and his affected family members. A) atrophy of the caudate nuclei, B) loss of pigmented cells in the sustengria nigra, C) microglial nodules and multinucleated giant cells in the white matter, D) neurofibrillary tangles in the cortical neurons, E) spongiform changes in the cerebral cortex
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12 - In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - View the University of Michigan Webscope...Ch. 12 - What happens across the membrane of an...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Which of the following cavities contains a...Ch. 12 - Which structure predominates in the white matter...
Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical...Ch. 12 - Which term describes a bundle of axons in the...Ch. 12 - Which functional division of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell provides myelin for the...Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following substances is least able to...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage...Ch. 12 - What two types of macromolecules are the main...Ch. 12 - If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature...Ch. 12 - Which of these locations is where the greatest...Ch. 12 - How long does all the signaling through the...Ch. 12 - What is the target of an upper motor neuron?...Ch. 12 - What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of...Ch. 12 - Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon leaching what...Ch. 12 - What does a ligand-gated channel require in order...Ch. 12 - What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following voltages would most likely...Ch. 12 - Which of the following is probably going to...Ch. 12 - How much of a change in the membrane potential is...Ch. 12 - A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that...Ch. 12 - What neurotransmitter is released at the...Ch. 12 - What type of receptor requires an effector protein...Ch. 12 - Which of the following neurotransmitters is...Ch. 12 - What responses are generated by the nervous system...Ch. 12 - When eating food, what anatomical and functional...Ch. 12 - Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease...Ch. 12 - Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best...Ch. 12 - Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as...Ch. 12 - If a person has a motor disorder and cannot move...Ch. 12 - What does it mean for an action potential to be an...Ch. 12 - The conscious perception of pain is often delayed...Ch. 12 - If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five...Ch. 12 - Why is the receptor the important element...
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- Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating autoimmune disease that results in the loss of the insulation around neuron axons. What cell type is the immune system attacking, and how does this disrupt the transfer of messages by the nervous system?arrow_forwardplease answer 18,19,20,arrow_forward2) myelin sheaths are axons located within the central nervous system are formed by which of the following? a) oligodendrocytes b) microglia c) Schwann cells d) Astrocytesarrow_forward
- In the central nervous system, which of the following cells is thought to play a supporting role in neuronal metabolism by virtue of its proximity to both neurons andblood vessels?A) AstrocyteB) Ependymal cellC) MicrogliaD) OligodendrocyteE) Schwann cellarrow_forwardWhy can a tourniquet be placed on a leg for hours to prevent bleeding and not induce irreversible cell damage within skeletal muscles, but a few minutes is ischemia within the brain can be deadly?arrow_forward10) which of the following definitions does not match the neuron structure? a) cell body;integrating center of the neuron b) axon; structure which sends the impulse c) dendrite; structure which receives the impulse d) dendrite; structure which sends the impulsearrow_forward
- Describe the location of each of the following: a) Cells of the nervous system: Location of Neuroglia b) Location of vascular tissue (in humans)arrow_forwardA student is eating at the lab bench (a clear violation of lab policies) and mistakenly sprinkles tetrodotoxin on his fries. Explain the origin of the toxin and its normal function in that animal. Given that this substance inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, indicate whether each of the statements below are true or false. Explain your answers. Explain the time course of the response. It will be more difficult for the student’s neurons to generate action potentials The student’s neurons will fire more frequently because membrane potential will be brough closer to threshold. The effect on the membrane potential o the student’s neurons could be predicted by the Nernst equation, which factors in the effects of both ion concentration and ion permeability.arrow_forwardA neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons, nerve cells, and other cells in the body. a) Identify two disorders that can result in a depletion, damage, or lack of neurotransmitters in our body. Then list and explain at least two neurotransmitters that can result in these disorders developing.arrow_forward
- 37) Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the body attacks its own nervous system and specifically affects the myelin. Its many symptoms include a person having a reduced sense of touch. Explain how the disease effects the conduction of information and what class of neurons appears to be affected to cause this symptom.arrow_forwardA new drug is developed that prevents the demyelination occurring in the progress of multiple sclerosis. The drug protects the cells responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system. These cells are most likely which of the following? (A) Astrocyte (B) Ependymal cell (C) Microglial cell Oligodendrocyte (E) Schwann cellarrow_forward15) The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. Which of the following cells is most responsible for this? a) astrocytes b) Schwann cells c) oligodendrocytes d) satellite cellsarrow_forward
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