Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 13RQ
Which functional division of the nervous system would be responsible for the physiological changes seen during exercise (e.g., increased heart rate and sweating)?
- somatic
- autonomic
- enteric
- central
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Students have asked these similar questions
choose one answer for each question (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has:
-long preganglionic neurons (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
-splanchnic nerves (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
-neurons traveling through cranial nerves (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
-autonomic ganglia in the head (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
-a tendency to increase metabolic rate (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
The nervous system helps all parts of the body communicate with each other. It is made up of several sub-divisions with each subdivision havingstructural and functional characteristics that distinguish it from the others.
Complete the diagram to show all the missing sections and explain their functions and where relevant their relationships to each other.
The autonomic nervous system consists of:
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
The cerebral hemisphere and the corpus callosum
The somatic nervous system
The cerebellum and medulla oblongata
The brain and spinal cord
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12 - In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - View the University of Michigan Webscope...Ch. 12 - What happens across the membrane of an...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Which of the following cavities contains a...Ch. 12 - Which structure predominates in the white matter...
Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical...Ch. 12 - Which term describes a bundle of axons in the...Ch. 12 - Which functional division of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell provides myelin for the...Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following substances is least able to...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage...Ch. 12 - What two types of macromolecules are the main...Ch. 12 - If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature...Ch. 12 - Which of these locations is where the greatest...Ch. 12 - How long does all the signaling through the...Ch. 12 - What is the target of an upper motor neuron?...Ch. 12 - What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of...Ch. 12 - Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon leaching what...Ch. 12 - What does a ligand-gated channel require in order...Ch. 12 - What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following voltages would most likely...Ch. 12 - Which of the following is probably going to...Ch. 12 - How much of a change in the membrane potential is...Ch. 12 - A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that...Ch. 12 - What neurotransmitter is released at the...Ch. 12 - What type of receptor requires an effector protein...Ch. 12 - Which of the following neurotransmitters is...Ch. 12 - What responses are generated by the nervous system...Ch. 12 - When eating food, what anatomical and functional...Ch. 12 - Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease...Ch. 12 - Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best...Ch. 12 - Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as...Ch. 12 - If a person has a motor disorder and cannot move...Ch. 12 - What does it mean for an action potential to be an...Ch. 12 - The conscious perception of pain is often delayed...Ch. 12 - If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five...Ch. 12 - Why is the receptor the important element...
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- Classify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the autonomic and somatic divisions of the nervous system. Neurons release acetylcholine that binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located on the effector organs Can lead to excitation or inhibition of the Neurons are also called motor neurons effectors Receptors on effector organs are also responsive to epinephrine that is released into the blood by the adrenal medulla Innervates smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and Gl neurons Neurons release norepinephrine that binds to adrenergic receptors located on the effector organs Has two-neuron chain between the CNS Single neuron between the CNS and effectors Neurons release acetylcholine that binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors located on the effector organs and effectors Can lead only to excitation of the effectors Activates skeletal muscles Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous Systemarrow_forwardMatch the following statements about anatomy to the correct division of the autonomic nervous system. Select "Both" if the statement or effect is true of both divisions. Innervate(s) most major organs of the body. Innervate(s) most blood vessels. Most effector pathways involve two neurons. The vagus cranial nerve carries these fibers. ANSWER OPTIONS: Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, BOTHarrow_forwardWhich of the following is most likely a result of the activation of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? an increased breathing rate decreased blood flow to the kidneys promoting the digestive system increased blood flow to the lungs an increased heart ratearrow_forward
- In the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: Select one: The ratio between the number of postganglionic and preganglionic neurons is small. A single preganglionic neuron usually synapses with a single postganglionic neuron. An important functional characteristic is convergence of the preganglionic fibers. Preganglionic fibers are usually much longer than the postganglionic fibers. Activity of the neurons tends to have a more generalized and widespread effect on the body.arrow_forwardTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation causes an involuntary motor output in response to a magnetic stimulation over the skull. Why do we see this output? Include the following concepts in your response: •neuroanatomy •central versus peripheral nervous system •neuron structure and direction of information flow •hyper versus depolarization •specific ions •membrane potential •diffusion and electrostatic pressurearrow_forwardThe central nervous system is connected with the peripheral nervous system by all the following types of nerve fibers, except :-a- postganglionic autonomic fibersb- preganglionic autonomic fibersc- somatic motor fibersd- autonomic sensory fibersarrow_forward
- Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab)to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observeelectrophysiological processes in the nervous system,where scientists directly measure the electrical signalsproduced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur sorapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is nothelpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded froma neuron and it “pops” each time the neuron fires an actionpotential. These action potentials are firing so fast that itsounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists canrecognize the patterns within that static to understand whatis happening. Why is the leech model used for measuringthe electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?arrow_forwardWhich division(s) of the nervous system involve neuromuscular junctions? (Choose ALL that are correct) Group of answer choices Visceral motor Visceral sensory Somatic motor Somatic sensoryarrow_forwardThis assignment is designed to get you thinking about the functions of some of the structures in the central and peripheral nervous system. Listed below are different symptoms or complications that can be attributed to something from the nervous system. List the specific structure that is most likely the root cause of the pathology. In addition, label which branch of the nervous system that structure is a part of (CNS or PNS). I suggest making a table with the pathology in one column, the affected structure in the next column, and the nervous system section in the final column. Two examples are below. It is possible that more than one answer could be correct. Pathology/Patient Specific Structure CNS or PNS? John’s eyes and optic nerve are in optimal condition, but he is still classified as legally blind. Primary Visual Cortex CNS Although Meredith is the CEO of Yankee Candle, she cannot smell a thing. She has no history of allergies and tested negative for COVID.…arrow_forward
- The peripheral nervous system’s efferent or motor division may be broken into two broad categories. Please shortly describe their importance to human body homeostasis.arrow_forwardIn terms of function when a presynaptic neuron receiving input from a nearby inhibitory neuron, it can be inferred that the both neurons firing won't be synchronized activation of the inhibitory neuron is nullified activation of the presynaptic neurotransmitter release is enhanced this type of interaction represents a regulatory input of neuronal activationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true? After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre. The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate. Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell. The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junctionarrow_forward
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