Explain why homologies are used in constructing phylogenetic trees (2 pts). Give two specific examples of howusing analogous characters would result in a tree depicting incorrect evolutionary relationships (4 pts).A

Two Specific Examples of How Using Analogous Characters Would Result in an Incorrect Phylogenetic…

Answered: Explain why homologies are used in…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYK

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Similar questions

How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing of time?
How does a phylogenetic tree indicate major evolutionary events within a lineage?
Why is it so important for scientists to distinguish between homologous and analogous characteristics before building phylogenetic trees?
Some organisms that appear very closely related on a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related. Why is this?
To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the principles of parsimony to molecular sequence data, one would: a. start by making assumptions about variations in the rates atwhich different DNA segments evolve. b. group together organisms that share the largest number ofancestral sequences. c. group together organisms that share derived sequences, matching the groups to those defined by morphologicalcharacters. d. group together organisms that share derived sequences, minimizing the number of hypothesized evolutionarychanges. e. identify derived sequences by studying the embryology of theorganisms.
Discuss the significance of the HardyWeinberg principle as it relates to evolution and list the five conditions required for genetic equilibrium.
What does the trunk of the classic phylogenetic tree represent? single common ancestor pool of ancestral organisms new species old species
On a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to lineages that diverged from the same place? sister taxa basal taxa rooted taxa dichotomous taxa
The phylogenetic tree for vertebrates depicted below was constructed from sequence data for two rRNA mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S). How do the results of this analysis compare with the phylogenetic trees in Figures 32.10 and 32.24? Identify the major clades of vertebrates on the tree depicted below. Source: R. Zardoya and A. Meyer. 1998. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95:1422614231. Copyright 1998 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.
How does the system of binomial nomenclature minimize ambiguity in the naming and identification of species?
Describe at least two major changes to the animal phylogenetic tree that have come about due to molecular or genetic findings.
In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups together organisms that share: derived homologous traits. derived homoplastic traits. ancestral homologous traits. ancestral homoplastic traits. all of the above.

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Explain why homologies are used in constructing phylogenetic trees (2 pts). Give two specific examples of how using analogous characters would result in a tree depicting incorrect evolutionary relationships (4 pts). A