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- Explain the statement that both types, bacteria and archaea, have the same basic structures, but built from different chemical components.Your friend believes that prokaryotes are always detrimental and pathogenic. How would you explain to them that they are wrong?Figure 13.6 Which of the following statements is true? a. Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall formed from peptidoglycan. b. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. c. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. d. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall made of phospholipids.
- Cyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis, and oxidize water to provide electrons for energy generation. Thus, we classify cyanobacteria as. photolithotrophs photoautotrophs chemolithoautotrophs chemo-organotrophsExplain why not all microbes are harmful.Explain the reason why the imprudent and excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in a major global problem.
- Chemiosmosis involves. the movement of electrons across the cell membrane the movement of hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane the movement of glucose through the cell membraneWhat are the similarities and differences between the structures of centrioles and flagella?Many people use antimicrobial soap to kill bacteria on their hands. However, overuse may actually increase the risk of infection. How could this occur?
- Describe the general functions of the following in a eukaryotic cell: the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, organelles, and cytoskeleton.Just as with most living beings, bacteria require the proper conditions to grow and reproduce. Rarely are bacterial cells found alone; so, you could say they are social beings. During your examination of the topics in this chapter, consider the following: Do different bacteria prefer different temperatures?When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?
