Cytotoxic effector T cells also produce inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-g and TNF-a when their T-cell receptor recognizes peptide:MHC on a target cell. One effect of this cytokine secretion is to enhance the ability of CD8 effector T cells to recognize and kill other infected cells in the nearby vicinity. This enhanced activity is due to: The increased production of perforin and granzymes by CD8 cells The up-regulation of MHC class I protein expression by IFN-g The ability of TNF-a to induce vascular leakage The effect of cytokines on promoting target cell apoptosis The effect of IFN-g to enhance viral replication leading to increased viral antigen presentation

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A:

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A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

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Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.