Chimeric mice are generated where approximately 50% of the cells in the animal are genetically MHC class I-deficient. The other 50% are deficient for the herpes virus receptor, HVEM, but do express MHC class I molecules. When these mice are infected with herpesvirus by intraperitoneal injection, a robust

Q: C – REACTIVE PROTEIN CRP Latex Test CRP is a rapid latex agglutination test kit for the detection of…

A: C-reactive protein is a liver-produced protein. When disease causes inflammation elsewhere in the…

Q: (b) Describe the role of invariant chain, CLIP, HLA-DM in the antigen presentation process.

A: MHC Class II molecules are a class of large molecules of histocompatibility complex (MHC) usually…

Q: The current estimate is that mammalian B cells are capable of producing 1,010 different…

A: Immunoglobulins are composed of four polypeptide chains out of which two are heavy chains and two…

Q: Regarding the production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, it is CORRECT to state that: * (JUST…

A: We know that antibodies are produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal as…

Q: Suppose you discover a drug that has potential antiviral effect against SARS-CoV2 so you tested its…

A: In microarray, the cDNA of both treated and untreated cells well put together in a well for a…

Q: ou have been asked to engineer a protein (which is not an immunoglobulin) that is capable of binding…

A:

Q: BugRx is a new biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developing human monoclonal…

A: Cancer develops when cells in the body begin to proliferate uncontrollably. Cancerous cells have the…

Q: You would like to generate an antibody against the human Ras GTPase protein using a rabbit as a…

A: To make antibodies against a specific protein, like human Ras GTPase, in a rabbit, we expose the…

Q: Consider the V region domains of the TCRα and TCRβ chains and the genetic loci that encode them.…

A: The light chains of an antibody can be classified as either kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) type based on…

Q: Naive T cells are isolated and left untreated or treated with ‘compound X’ for 1 hour. Following…

A: Answer. Cytokines are low-molecular-weight globulins/glycoproteins, non-immunoglobulin in nature,…

Q: HELP Immunology question

A: 1. Signal 1: 1. 4. Restriction on MHC Products: Specifically, this refers to the interaction that…

Q: Briefly, what are the 2 ‘checkpoints’ in development for the B cell? When do the B cells pause to…

A: In humans, B-cells are a type of WBCs (white blood cells) involved in the humoral immunity…

Q: Class switching is initiated by T-cell activation via CD40 ligation. You are working with a mouse…

A: Class switching, also known as isotype switching, is a process in B cells that involves changing the…

Q: Successful synthesis of a rearranged b chain allows the production of a pre-T-cell receptor that…

A: T cell receptors have alpha and beta chains. Both of these chains consists of a constant region and…

Q: When an antibody binds to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, it may block access of the spike protein…

A: Our immune system is  strong enough to fight with the viruses as well as bacteria. Their Prime…

Q: Briefly explain what type of disease COVID-19 is and how it is transmitted. Select one of the…

A: Covid-19 is an emerging disease which has been acting as a pandemic lately. Millions of people are…

Q: We now have at least three SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccines approved by the FDA for use in the United…

A: The vaccines are: 1. Pfizer-BioNTech – Authorized on December 11, 2020 2. Moderna – Authorized on…

Q: s a scientist in Company X, please design a mRNA vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 y providing the…

A: SARS-COVID-2 is defined as a severe acute viral respiratory syndrome caused by a SARS-associated…

Q: A) What  additional reagents would you need to perform immunostaining of frozen sections of mouse…

A: The process used here is immunohistochemistry followed by immunostaining. Immunohistochemical…

Q: RAE1 molecules are expressed by stressed cells, including some tumor cells. What would be the…

A: RAE1 (Retinoic acid early inducible 1) is a protein that is expressed by stressed cells, including…

Q: Which classification of AML best fits this morphology, immunophenotyping, and cytochemistry? Select…

A: Leukemia is a specific type of blood cancer that is caused due to the abnormal increases in the…

Q: The adaptive immune system uses multiple strategies to generate diversity in our ability to mount…

A: Adaptive immunity is made up of two main components: T cells and B cells. An immune system that…

Q: Match the stage of B cell development with the rearrangement or expression of immunoglobulin genes.…

A: B cell development begins in the fetal liver and continues in the bone marrow throughout our lives.…

Q: Suppose that a particular species of vertebrate animal has immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes that…

A: ANSWER;-

Q: Antibody heavy and light chain polypeptides consist of repeated domains, each of which is ~110 amino…

A: The immune system of the human body consists of specialized cells, proteins, tissues, and organs to…

Q: How were the structure of ACE2 and spike protein solved? describe the key processes involved in…

A: 1. Protein stuctures are generally solved by the Cryo-electron microscopy which includes x ray or…

Q: BugRx is a new biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developing human monoclonal…

A: One possible PK protocol to study the distribution of the antibody to Factor 801A after IP injection…

Q: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome…

A: Next step after attachment (binding) to the CD4 and CXCR4 receptors on the TH cell.

Q: Humanized monoclonal antibodies are best described as a. antibodies made in mice in which the…

A: Ans: The antibodies generated in the laboratory that specifically binds to single epitope or antigen…

Q: 135. During an experiment, a transgenic mouse is developed in which regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs)…

A: Introduction:- Immune system is a complex system, consisting of different types of cells, tissues…

Q: You have been asked to engineer a protein (which is not an immunoglobulin) that is capable of…

A: Protein engineering is the process of deliberately modifying the structure and/or function of…

Q: shows the directed migration of two immune cell types, neutrophils (red) and macrophages (green) to…

A: Immune cells are the sort of cells that emerge from stem cells in the bone marrow and mature into…

Q: Generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS)cells was first accomplished using retroviral vectors…

A: Induced pluripotent stem cells that are also referred asiPSCs are generated only from…

Q: Cell line A was cultured in the absence and presence of KB9520 or PPT. You then lyse the cells and…

A: Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a family of transcription factors that play a critical role in a…

Q: During fetal development, T and B lymphocytes undergo a process that prepares them to react only to…

A: B cells are type of lymphocyte that fight bacteria and viruses by making Y -shaped proteins called…

Q: Can a mature B Cell produce an epitope-specific antibody first and then switch to make an antibody…

A: Since we only answer one question at a time, therefore, we are answering the first question listed…

Q: Which of the following statements best explains why the immune system can continue to make…

A: Rituximab is a medication that will be mostly used for treating rheumatoid arthritis as well as…

Q: could you explain a bit more what this sentences mean: The information displayed demonstrates a…

A: Dentate gyrus is an important region in the hippocampal formation of the brain. This portion is…

Q: A virus has been identified that encodes a protein which inhibits the transporter-associated with…

A: Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)

Q: Because of similarities between hypoxia associated with high altitude and COVID-19, some studies…

A: Hypoxia at high altitude : As altitude increases barometric pressure decreases . The concentration…

Q: Consider the V region domains of the TCRα and TCRβ chains and the genetic loci that encode them.…

A: The immune system of a body is broadly classified into innate and acquired type. Innate immunity is…

Q: One of the characteristic features of the MHC is the large number of alleles at each locus. This…

A: The major histocompatibility complex, or MHC, is a large DNA locus that contains interconnected…

Q: You work for a large biotechnology company that is studying viruses, vaccines, and small molecule…

A: There are a few important points that should be kept in mind : Viruses are simple, noncellular and…

Q: Match the term in Column A with its correct description in Column B.

A: The details of the term given in Column A has been provided in following step and they are matched…

Q: Polymorphism implies that each different MHCprotein binds a different peptide motif. For the…

A: Major Histocompatibility complex is a peptide found over the surface of leukocyte (WBC) cells which…

Q: 135. During an experiment, a transgenic mouse is developed in which regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs)…

A: Tregs, or regulatory T cells, are immune cells that play an important role in the prevention of…