After DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested by the stabilisation of the - gene, whose protein product interacts with the G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk complexes. protein which drives the transcription of the - O PDGF, acetyltransferase O phenylalanine hydraxylase, PDGF O p53, acetyltransferase O p53, p21 O p21. p53

Q: Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in…

A: Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine deposits inside the…

Q: Adenylyl cyclase can generate CAMP for use as a messenger within eukaryotic cells to stimulate the…

A: According to the question, we have to check that the above statement is true or false. So, let us…

Q: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments enable researchers to measure the levels of…

A: LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment results in the recruitment of the transcription factor NfkB and…

Q: Why doesn't Cdk1 active immediately upon binding to cyclin B? What other components of the cell’s…

A: It includes cell division, replication and growth. All these processes should be carried out in a…

Q: The following images represent confocal images of cells with full-length Mira protein (Mira 1-830),…

A: Confocal microscopy creates an image of a specimen by filtering out the out-of-focus light coming…

Q: Explain Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Repression and Activation.

A: MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION : during transcription , a DNA molecule is copied into RNA…

Q: What happens in the patched-smoothened signaling system if the hedgehog is NOT present?  A. In the…

A: A gene is a genetic molecule that is passed down from one generation (parents) to the next…

Q: APC is a ubiquitin ligase activated by M-cyclin Cdk What is the function of APC when bound to…

A: An integral regulator of cell division that is encoded by the CDC20 gene in humans is the cell…

Q: How would a dominant-negative Arf1 protein affect (or not) the following processes.…

A: Arf1 is a small GTPase that is involved in vesicular transport. It has been shown to play a role in…

Q: The yeast cohesin subunit Scc1, which is essen-tial for sister-chromatid cohesion, can be…

A: The foundation of sister chromatid cohesion is the cycle by which chromatin-related cohesin protein…

Q: GAP protien mutation from Arg 789 to alanine constituvely activate the MAPK pathway by preventing…

A: Cell growth and cell division are essential for the development of an organism. A cell before any…

Q: Describe the ATM-p53 repair pathway in normal cells and cancerous cells

A: Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death, which is important for the…

Q: CYCLINs are regulatory proteins active for only portions of the cell cycle.  Their transcription is…

A: Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms. Cells form different tissues in organisms…

Q: The Assembly of Class III Transcription Initiation Complexes consists of TATA-binding protein (TBP)…

A: Transcription initiation complex  It is the complex of transcription factors and RNA polymerase…

Q: Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.

A: p53 protein gets activated when there is a damage in  DNA sequence which can be induced by any other…

Q: The Wnt planar polarity signaling pathway nor-mally ensures that each wing cell in Drosophila has a…

A: Gene expression is the phenomenon in which the gene expresses itself in the form of functional…

Q: 15.3 Explain the fellovine diaeram: prospective nuclear protein nuclear Ran HYDROLYZES ITS BOUND…

A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…

Q: In a patient with a constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinase that increases the activity of…

A: Tyrosine kinase is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathways by adding a…

Q: Suppose MYC regulates gene X by recruiting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTS). Which of the following…

A: cis regulatory elements are regions of non coding DNA which regulate transcription of neighbouring…

Q: The expression of this inhibitor of G2 to M Phase of the cell cycle progression will be…

A: muscle cells regulate their cell cycle in response to decreased insulin stimulation brought on by…

Q: Glucocorticoids- Mechanism of Action

A: Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that is produced naturally by the adrenal glands or is…

Q: What is the effect of having fluctuating cyclin levels throughout the cell cycle, while the levels…

A: Cell cycle  It is a series of events in which cell duplicate it's organelles and divide.

Q: Explain molecular mechanism of Pi3K signalling and also role of PI kinases and PI phosphatase.

A: PI3K: It is an intracellular signal transduction pathway that promotes cell proliferation,…

Q: Rather surprisingly, some cellular components that we know best from our study of nuclear protein…

A: Nuclear protein import is a selective process where all nuclear proteins are cytoplasm-synthesized…

Q: Using M cyclin-Cdk as a specific model describe the different ways it can be activated or…

A: The mitotic (M) phase comprises of mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the process of cell division…

Q: In eukaryotes, transcription factor activators bind to their enhancer elements and interact with RNA…

A: Transcription factors These factors are responsible for the process of transcription. These proteins…

Q: Which of the following proteins is a combinatorial transcriptional regulator in Drosophila that…

A: There are few important points : Combinatorial transcriptional regulator : It is a particular…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.