After DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested by the stabilisation of the - gene, whose protein product interacts with the G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk complexes. protein which drives the transcription of the - O PDGF, acetyltransferase O phenylalanine hydraxylase, PDGF O p53, acetyltransferase O p53, p21 O p21. p53

Q: What inhibit CDK activity by bindingdirectly to the cyclin-CDK complex.

A: A cyclin-dependent kinase complex or CDKC or cyclin-CDK is formed by the interaction of a regulatory…

Q: Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in…

A: Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine deposits inside the…

Q: Match the mutation in the trpL leader sequence with the correct phenotype of the mutant. A. The TRP…

A: Introduction The trp operon is a collection of genes found in E. coli bacteria that code for…

Q: Adenylyl cyclase can generate CAMP for use as a messenger within eukaryotic cells to stimulate the…

A: According to the question, we have to check that the above statement is true or false. So, let us…

Q: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments enable researchers to measure the levels of…

A: LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment results in the recruitment of the transcription factor NfkB and…

Q: Why doesn't Cdk1 active immediately upon binding to cyclin B? What other components of the cell’s…

A: It includes cell division, replication and growth. All these processes should be carried out in a…

Q: The following images represent confocal images of cells with full-length Mira protein (Mira 1-830),…

A: Confocal microscopy creates an image of a specimen by filtering out the out-of-focus light coming…

Q: Explain Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Repression and Activation.

A: MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION : during transcription , a DNA molecule is copied into RNA…

Q: What happens in the patched-smoothened signaling system if the hedgehog is NOT present?  A. In the…

A: A gene is a genetic molecule that is passed down from one generation (parents) to the next…

Q: APC is a ubiquitin ligase activated by M-cyclin Cdk What is the function of APC when bound to…

A: An integral regulator of cell division that is encoded by the CDC20 gene in humans is the cell…

Q: How would a dominant-negative Arf1 protein affect (or not) the following processes.…

A: Arf1 is a small GTPase that is involved in vesicular transport. It has been shown to play a role in…

Q: The yeast cohesin subunit Scc1, which is essen-tial for sister-chromatid cohesion, can be…

A: The foundation of sister chromatid cohesion is the cycle by which chromatin-related cohesin protein…

Q: GAP protien mutation from Arg 789 to alanine constituvely activate the MAPK pathway by preventing…

A: Cell growth and cell division are essential for the development of an organism. A cell before any…

Q: Define Explain the role of CDK inhibitors. If cyclin-CDK com-plexes are necessary to allow regulated…

A: The cell cycle is an important process occurring in a living cell which is consists of four main…

Q: What factors called mitogens stim-ulate cultured mammalian cells to proliferate by inducing…

A: Mitogens are biologically active polypeptides that induce cells to start division or increase the…

Q: Describe the ATM-p53 repair pathway in normal cells and cancerous cells

A: Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death, which is important for the…

Q: Why is it advantageous for p53 to be activated by factorssuch as ER stress, UV light, and hypoxia…

A: The p53 is known as tumor protein formed from the TP53 gene. The protein acts as a tumor suppressor…

Q: The glycolytic enzyme pyruvațe kinase is activated by dephosphorylation and inactivated by…

A: Pyruvate kinase It is an important enzyme of glycolysis that aids in the conversion of…

Q: CYCLINs are regulatory proteins active for only portions of the cell cycle.  Their transcription is…

A: Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms. Cells form different tissues in organisms…

Q: The Assembly of Class III Transcription Initiation Complexes consists of TATA-binding protein (TBP)…

A: Transcription initiation complex  It is the complex of transcription factors and RNA polymerase…

Q: Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.

A: p53 protein gets activated when there is a damage in  DNA sequence which can be induced by any other…

Q: The Wnt planar polarity signaling pathway nor-mally ensures that each wing cell in Drosophila has a…

A: Gene expression is the phenomenon in which the gene expresses itself in the form of functional…

Q: 15.3 Explain the fellovine diaeram: prospective nuclear protein nuclear Ran HYDROLYZES ITS BOUND…

A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…

Q: In a patient with a constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinase that increases the activity of…

A: Tyrosine kinase is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathways by adding a…

Q: In the following partial diploid, predict if beta-galactosidase will be expressed in absence or…

A: Lac operon as the name suggests is an operon where a single promotor activates the transcription of…

Q: T7-MDM2 Myc-RYBP p53-(His-Ub), MDM2 p53 Myc-RYBP B-Actin QUESTION 12 In the RYBP case study paper,…

A: *Ring1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP) belongs to polycomb group proteins that implicated in…

Q: Suppose MYC regulates gene X by recruiting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTS). Which of the following…

A: cis regulatory elements are regions of non coding DNA which regulate transcription of neighbouring…

Q: The expression of this inhibitor of G2 to M Phase of the cell cycle progression will be…

A: muscle cells regulate their cell cycle in response to decreased insulin stimulation brought on by…

Q: Glucocorticoids- Mechanism of Action

A: Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that is produced naturally by the adrenal glands or is…

Q: What is the effect of having fluctuating cyclin levels throughout the cell cycle, while the levels…

A: Cell cycle  It is a series of events in which cell duplicate it's organelles and divide.

Q: Dr. Jace is a research officer in a laboratory that studies anticancer treatment. She is interested…

A: The maintenance of tissue homeostasis and embryonic development both include the natural…

Q: The transcription factor Pax6 is required continuallyduring the life of a mouse (or a human) for the…

A: Pax6 is a kind of transcription factor which is required for the development of retina in mouse and…

Q: The enzyme Ste11 participates in several distinct MAP kinase signaling pathways in the budding yeast…

A: Ste11 is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The MAPK cascades is involve in mating, high…

Q: Explain molecular mechanism of Pi3K signalling and also role of PI kinases and PI phosphatase.

A: PI3K: It is an intracellular signal transduction pathway that promotes cell proliferation,…

Q: Which of the following is correct in prokaryotes? O All operators are cis elements. O All gene…

A: The correct answer is option 4th i.e.All Promoters require a trancriptional activator protein.

Q: Rather surprisingly, some cellular components that we know best from our study of nuclear protein…

A: Nuclear protein import is a selective process where all nuclear proteins are cytoplasm-synthesized…

Q: Using M cyclin-Cdk as a specific model describe the different ways it can be activated or…

A: The mitotic (M) phase comprises of mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the process of cell division…

Q: Which composition differentiates the plant cell from the animal cell?

A: Please post two questions separately.

Q: In eukaryotes, transcription factor activators bind to their enhancer elements and interact with RNA…

A: Transcription factors These factors are responsible for the process of transcription. These proteins…

Q: Which of the following proteins is a combinatorial transcriptional regulator in Drosophila that…

A: There are few important points : Combinatorial transcriptional regulator : It is a particular…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.