Mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene results in achondroplasia (dwarfism), which is a dominant condition caused by a single base substitution (GGG>AGG) that changes the amino acid glycine at position 480 to arginine (G480R) in the FGFR protein. FGFR is normally active when FGF binds to it, but the mutant FGFR is always on to stimulate signaling that inhibits excessive bone growth. How can gene therapy be used to treat achondroplasia? Select all that apply. RNAi that knocks down the mutant FGFR expression Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector that carries the wild-type FGFR Retroviral vector that carries the wild-type FGFR CRISPR with the wild-type FGFR donor DNA

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Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.