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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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I need help determining which part of the DNA and RNA(?)molecules are which. I'm also unsure of what translation and transcription are.

Word bank:  amino acid, protein, anticodon, mRNA, tRNA, codon, ribosome(used), DNA(used)

 

Thank you so much!!

**Title: Transcription and Translation Process in Genetics** Welcome to our educational module on the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA transcription and translation. This diagram provides a simplified overview of the steps involved in synthesizing proteins from DNA. ### Explanation of the Diagram: 1. **DNA Strand and Transcription Initiation:** - **Label 1**: The process begins with the DNA molecule (depicted in a double helix). DNA is composed of two strands: the template strand, which is used to synthesize mRNA, and the non-template strand. - The DNA unwinds to expose the base pairs for transcription. 2. **RNA Polymerase Binding:** - **Label 2**: RNA polymerase (represented by the black arrow) attaches to the template strand of the DNA and initiates the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). The red strand represents the newly synthesized mRNA. 3. **Elongation of mRNA:** - **Label 3**: The mRNA strand elongates as RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides matching the DNA template strand. 4. **mRNA Processing and Transport:** - **Label 4**: Once transcription is complete, the mRNA undergoes processing, which may include splicing, capping, and adding a poly-A tail before it moves out to the cytoplasm. The gray structures at this stage could represent proteins or enzymes involved in mRNA processing and transport. 5. **Translation Initiation at Ribosome:** - **Label 5**: The processed mRNA strand (black arrow) binds to a ribosome (depicted as a large complex). Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. 6. **tRNA and Ribosome Function:** - **Label 6**: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules with attached amino acids align with the mRNA codons via their anticodons. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome. 7. **Peptide Chain Elongation:** - **Label 7**: The ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, elongating the polypeptide chain as it moves along the mRNA. 8. **Completed Protein:** - **Label 8**: The final step in the process shows the release of the newly synthesized protein from the ribosome. The ribosome complex
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Transcription and Translation Process in Genetics** Welcome to our educational module on the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA transcription and translation. This diagram provides a simplified overview of the steps involved in synthesizing proteins from DNA. ### Explanation of the Diagram: 1. **DNA Strand and Transcription Initiation:** - **Label 1**: The process begins with the DNA molecule (depicted in a double helix). DNA is composed of two strands: the template strand, which is used to synthesize mRNA, and the non-template strand. - The DNA unwinds to expose the base pairs for transcription. 2. **RNA Polymerase Binding:** - **Label 2**: RNA polymerase (represented by the black arrow) attaches to the template strand of the DNA and initiates the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). The red strand represents the newly synthesized mRNA. 3. **Elongation of mRNA:** - **Label 3**: The mRNA strand elongates as RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides matching the DNA template strand. 4. **mRNA Processing and Transport:** - **Label 4**: Once transcription is complete, the mRNA undergoes processing, which may include splicing, capping, and adding a poly-A tail before it moves out to the cytoplasm. The gray structures at this stage could represent proteins or enzymes involved in mRNA processing and transport. 5. **Translation Initiation at Ribosome:** - **Label 5**: The processed mRNA strand (black arrow) binds to a ribosome (depicted as a large complex). Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. 6. **tRNA and Ribosome Function:** - **Label 6**: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules with attached amino acids align with the mRNA codons via their anticodons. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome. 7. **Peptide Chain Elongation:** - **Label 7**: The ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, elongating the polypeptide chain as it moves along the mRNA. 8. **Completed Protein:** - **Label 8**: The final step in the process shows the release of the newly synthesized protein from the ribosome. The ribosome complex
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