serotonin [µM]0.025transport rate A [dpm/min]300.0transport rate B [dpm/min]100.08920.030.00.250.72500.0100.05400.0350.08800.09100.021100.063000.012. What transport rates for each condition would you expect if the experiment was repeatedusing 12µM ['H] serotonin? Add your estimate into the table above.13. Examine the plot obtained for condition A; what can you conclude with regards towhether or not the transport of serotonin into these cells requires a protein? Explain yourconclusion.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and it gets transported via a transporter protein found in the…

Answered: 12. What transport rates for each…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The following table shows experimental results of the glucose transport rate, mM/sec, following facilitated diffusion by glucose carrier proteins. (Recall: the starting conc. L represents glucose added to one side of the membrane; distilled water, omM of glucose was added to the other side of the membrane). The rate of glucose transport was 0.0031 mm/sec with 8mM of glucose (run number 4, highlighted); the rate decreased to 0.0017 mM/sec with 10mM of glucose (run 5, highlighted). Why was the rate of glucose transport slower when the concentration gradient was increased? Experiment Results Run Number Solute 1 1 2 2 3 33 4 4 5 6 6 Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Cl Glucose Start Conc. L Start Conc. R (MM) (mM) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 Carriers 500 500 500 500 700 700 700 700 100 100 700 700 Rate (mm/sec) 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0010…
Animal cells utilize rapid increases in cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration to respond to certain extracellular signals. This requires keeping the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration very low in the absence of signal (when the cell is “at rest”) and increasing the cytosolic Ca++ ion concentration when a signal is detected. Propose a mechanism by which the action of Ca++ transport proteins in the plasma membrane can account for the reversibility of Ca++ levels in the cytosol. Be sure to indicate whether active or passive transport is involved as well as the type of transport protein (channel or carrier) responsible.
A binding curve for the binding of the amino acid tryptophan to the protein called TxtE is shown below. Estimate the association equilibrium constant (Ka; in units of M-1) for Trp binding to TxtE.
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are widely used in biophysical research to investigate the effect of drugs on lipid membranes and may be prepared by different methods. a. State two methods for the formation of SLBs. b. Describe, with the aid of diagrams, one of the previously stated methods for preparing SLBs. Provide any experimental conditions that may affect or promote the formation of the SLB.
7. A neuron with an intracellular Cl concentration of 20 mM is placed in a solution that contains 125 mM CI at 25°C. The membrane potential of the neuron is -70 mV. Assuming the neuronal cell membrane has channels that allow facilitated diffusion of Clr, do you expect Cl to flow into the cell? Explain your answer and provide quantitative support for your answer (i.e. show calculations).
bo Consider a uniport system where a carrier protein transports an uncharged substance A across a cell membrane. Suppose that at a certain ratio of [A] inside to [A] outside, the AG for the transport of substance A from outside the cell to the inside, Macmillan Leaming A outside → Ainside, is 10.7 kJ/mol at 25°C. What is the ratio of the concentration of substance A inside the cell to the concentration outside? [A]inside [A]outside Choose the true statement about the transport of A under the conditions described. Because AG is positive, the ratio [A] inside/[A]outside must be less than one. Increasing [A]outside will cause AG for movement of Aoutside to Ainside to become a larger positive number. Movement of Ainside to Aoutside will be spontaneous. Decreasing the concentration of the uniport protein in the membrane will cause AG to become a smaller positive number.
From the image provided. Explain whether any ions can traverse the plasma membrane. If your answer is “yes,” which ions traverse from the extracellular space to the intracellular space and vice versa. Explain your rationale.
8. (where [K*] = 420 mM) where the membrane electrical potential is -0.22 V. Show your calculations to determine if this process is favorable. Consider the transport of K* ions from a surrounding fluid (where [K'] = 30 mM) into a cell 420 mM K* 30 mM K*
7. Specificity of membrane transporters. A protein that transports amino acids across the cell membrane was found to bind only a few amino acids efficiently. To find the specificity, many different amino acids and substrate analogs were used as competitive inhibitors in transport studies at pH 5.9 with L-histidine (Km = 10 μM). The Ki values calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots are shown in the table below. Comparing the structures of L-histidine and the competitive inhibitors (for which most of them, you should know their structures!), what can you conclude about the characteristics of molecules that this transport protein binds at its active site? K; (10-€ M) Amino acid or analog L-Lys L-Arg Gly L-Asp D-His Histamine Dehydrourocanate D-Arg 2 3 285 450 340 390 285 355 HN- + HN + Structure -ΝΗ -NH3 histamine ΝΗ -COO™ dehydrourocanate
1. (a) In class thus far, we have focused our membrane transport energetics discussions on the transfer of K+ ions. Of course, in the cell there are other ions that contribute to the overall resting membrane potential (Autotal). To estimate the overall resting membrane potential for the predominant ions present in the cell, we must first calculate the individual resting membrane potential. Using the Nernst equation discussed in class, and the values provided below, calculate A for each ion. lon K+ Na+ Ca²+ CI- [ion] outside cell 6 mM 145 mM 4 mM 90 mM [ion] inside cell 145mM 8 mM 0.001 mM 6 mM
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1. The CFTR protein is a chloride channel in the cell membrane. Use your understanding of the biochemical properties/categories of amino acids and how they interact with membrane phospholipids to predict the distribution of charged/polar, and non-polar amino acids within the domains of CFTR listed below. Consider one category to include the charged amino acids and the polar amino acids and the other category to include the non-polar amino acids. For each domain, predict which category of amino acids is likely to be most abundant. Also, explain the rationale behind your prediction. Protein domain Prediction (Charged/Polar or Non-Polar amino acids?) Explanation for prediction TMD1 and TMD2 (transmembrane domains, parts 1-12) ECLs and ICLs (extracellular and intracellular loops) NBD1 and NBD2 R

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