1. Which of the following signaling events is NOT engaged downstream of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma activation? a. Calcium ion (Ca2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) b. Heterodimerization of the subunits c-Fos and c-Jun to form the transcription factor AP-1 c. IkappaB degradation and resulting translocation of NFkappaB into the nucleus d. Recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)-theta to the plasma membrane e. PIP3 generation at the plasma membrane which recruits and activates Akt, leading to cytoskeletal remodeling

Q: Please explain the role of the SRP, SRP receptor and the protein translocator in the synthesis of a…

A: After the proteins has been translated, it needs to be send to different areas in the cells to carry…

Q: Select the best explanation of the unfolded protein response (UPR): O A. The UPR senses misfolded…

A: When the protein is completely formed it is folded accordingly yo form a biologically active protein…

Q: When bacteria are grown in the presence of high concentrations of tryptophan: O A. A repressor is…

A: Tryptophan is defined as an alpha-amino acid utilized in the biosynthesis of proteins and cannot be…

Q: The amount of this in the cell rises as DNA synthesis begins. Cis-acting element that can increase…

A: Step 1: Step 2:Step 3: Step 4:

Q: synaptic knobs of a nueron have what function? a. they release neurotransmitter into the synaptic…

A: The nervous system is the specialized system that controls the sensory and motor activity in the…

Q: 1. GAL4 is a specific transcription factor that activates the transcription of several genes in…

A: Gal3, Gal4 and Gal80 are the protein of saccharomyces cervisae that comprises signal transducer.This…

Q: As discussed in Lipids 3, SREBPs are a type of transcription factor involved in lipid homeostasis.…

A: The full form of  SREBPs is Sterol regulatory element binding proteinsSREBPsare composed of two…

Q: 6) The functioning of the "Ras/MAPK" signal transduction pathway is absolutely essential in order…

A: Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets proteins that control how cancer cells…

Q: A particular drug inhibits the protein kinase that is responsible for phosphorylating the CREB…

A: Step 1 CREB- cAMP-response element-binding protein is a cellular translation component that binds to…

Q: Using baker's yeast it is possible to generate point mutations that destroy the kinase activity of…

A: Polyadenylation is a process of adding poly A tail to pre- mRNA.

Q: What happens in the patched-smoothened signaling system if the hedgehog is NOT present?  A. In the…

A: A gene is a genetic molecule that is passed down from one generation (parents) to the next…

Q: Select from the drop-down menu which type of regulation is occurring in each case. The Ixb12 gene…

A: Gene regulation is a mechanism of controlling the function of gene and it's associated mRNA and…

Q: 1. The following image shows a mechanism in which gene expression activity is regulated by ligand.…

A: In prokaryotes, the synthesis of the gene's transcript and its encoded protein product is termed…

Q: Which of the following are characteristics of “small” monomeric Ras GTPases?     A. Membrane…

A: Answer : The correct option is C because, RAS protein  RAS proteins are small group of GTPase which…

Q: most cancer mutations in the ras/mapk pathway occur upstream of mapk rather than in mapk itself.

A: Cancer Cancer is defined as abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation in the body tissues.…

Q: 21. Which of the following is NOT a function/ property of the Signal Recognition Particle  a.…

A: The Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) is a ribonucleoprotein complex and plays important roles in…

Q: Which of the following defects in RAS would be tumorigenic? multiple answers    A. Deletion of…

A: Ras is a nucleotide binding protein that is responsible for cell division, growth and…

Q: of gene. 12. Steroid hormone receptor complex binds to the A. transcription start site B. promoter…

A: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules that can easily diffuse through the cell membrane to…

Q: What areas of the brain do you think are affected when there is a decreased expression of ERα mRNA…

A: * The estradiol is the harmone which will do protection actions. *This will help effects the long…

Q: You are in a research lab studying the function of the mutated form of a receptor called Protein X,…

A: Protein X can be the Thyroid hormone receptor. The correct option is d.  Thyroid hormone is…

Q: In a patient with a constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinase that increases the activity of…

A: Tyrosine kinase is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathways by adding a…

Q: 1A.If transcription factor G is downstream of EGFR and upregulates gene H, what happens to H if Grb2…

A: Introduction:- Cell signalling is a mechanism that leads to relay of signal or information received…

Q: The NFAT family is a ubiquitous family of transcription factors. a. Under resting conditions, where…

A: a. Under resting conditions, NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) is phosphorylated and…

Q: Glucocorticolds are steroid hormones that are released into the circulation and will cause changes…

A: The correct option is C

Q: You are a scientist studying drug resistance in cancer. You are particularly interested in ABCB1, a…

A: Cancer causes the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and dynamic altering in the genome. Common…

Q: The post transcriptional modifications of the mature prokaryotic messenger RNA are essential in…

A: Transcription is a heterocatalytic action of DNA by means of which RNA is synthesized from specific…

Q: In which of the following scenarios is the signal a positive regulator of gene expression?

A: The right option is : None of them

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.