Problem 8.1P Problem 8.2A: What is the number and geometric arrangement of charge clouds around the central atom in each of the... Problem 8.3P: PRACTICE 8.3 Acetic acid, CH3CO2H , is the main organic constituent of vinegar. Draw an electron-dot... Problem 8.4A: APPLY 8.4 Benzene, C6H6 , is a cyclic molecule in which all six carbon atoms are joined in a ring,... Problem 8.5P: PRACTICE 8.5 Identify the orbitals that overlap to form the C — CI bonds and C — H bonds in CH2Cl2 . Problem 8.6A: APPLY 8.6 Describe the bonding in propane, C3H8 , a fuel often used to heat rural homes and campers.... Problem 8.7P: PRACTICE 8.7 Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in formaldehyde, H2C=O , and make a rough... Problem 8.8A: Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in cyclopentene (C5H8). Tell what kinds of orbitals... Problem 8.9P: Which orbitals overlap to form the sigma and pi bonds in the following structure of carbon dioxide? Problem 8.10A: APPLY 8.10 Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in the hydrogen cyanide mole cule, H — C =... Problem 8.11P Problem 8.12A: Conceptual APPLY 8.12 Match the following electrostatic potential maps with their corresponding... Problem 8.13P Problem 8.14A Problem 8.15P Problem 8.16A Problem 8.17A Problem 8.18A Problem 8.19P: The B2 molecule has a MO diagram similar to that of N2 in Figure 8.22a.What is the bond order of B2... Problem 8.20A Problem 8.21P: PRACTICE 8.23 Draw two resonance structures for the formate ion, HCO2 , and sketch a molecular... Problem 8.22A: APPLY 8.24 Draw two resonance structures for the benzene molecule, C6H6 , and sketch a molecular... Problem 8.23P Problem 8.24P Problem 8.25P: Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant psychoactive drug in the United States. It is found... Problem 8.26P Problem 8.27CP: What is the geometry around the central atom in each of the following molecular models? Problem 8.28CP: What is the geometry around the central atom in each of the following molecular models? (There may... Problem 8.29CP: Three of the following molecular models have a tetrahedral central atom, and one does not. Which is... Problem 8.30CP: Identify each of the following sets of hybrid orbitals. Problem 8.31CP: The VSEPR model is a simple predictive tool that is usually, but not always, correct. Take urea, for... Problem 8.32CP: The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of acetaminophen, the active... Problem 8.33CP: The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of thalidomide, a drug that causes... Problem 8.34CP Problem 8.35CP: The dipole moment of methanol is =1.70D . Use arrows to indicate the direction in which electrons... Problem 8.36CP: Methylarnine, CH3NH2 , is responsible for the odor of rotting fish. Look at the following... Problem 8.37CP Problem 8.38SP Problem 8.39SP: What shape do you expect for molecules that meet the following descriptions? (a) A central atom with... Problem 8.40SP: How many charge clouds are there around the central atom in molecules that have the following... Problem 8.41SP Problem 8.42SP: What shape do you expect for each of the following molecules? (a) H2Se(b) TiCl4 (c) O3(d) GaH3 Problem 8.43SP: What shape do you expect for each of the following molecules? (a) XeO4(b) SO2Cl2 (c) OsO4 (d)SeO2 Problem 8.44SP: What shape do you expect for each of the following molecules or ions? (a) SbF5(b) IF4+ (c) SeO32 (d)... Problem 8.45SP Problem 8.46SP Problem 8.47SP: What shape do you expect for each of the following cations? (a) XeF3+(b) SF3+ (c) ClF2+(d) CH3+ Problem 8.48SP: What bond angles do you expect for each of the following? (a) The FSF angle in SF2 (b) The HNN angle... Problem 8.49SP: What bond angles do you expect for each of the following? (a) The ClPCl angle in PCl6 (b) The ClICl... Problem 8.50SP: Acrylonitrile is used as the starting material for manufacturing acrylic fibers. Predict values for... Problem 8.51SP: Predict values for all bond angles in dimethyl sulfoxide, a powerful solvent used in veterinary... Problem 8.52SP: Oceanographers study the mixing of water masses by releasing tracer molecules at a site and then... Problem 8.53SP: A potential replacement for the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants that harm the Earth’s protective... Problem 8.54SP: Explain why cyclohexane, a substance that contains a six membered ring of carbon atoms, is not flat... Problem 8.55SP: Like cyclohexane (Problem 8.54), benzene also contains a six membered ring of carbon atoms, hut it... Problem 8.56SP: Use VSEPR theory to answer the following questions: (a) Which molecule, BF3 or PF3 , has the smaller... Problem 8.57SP: Draw an electron-dot structure for each of the following substances, and predict the molecular... Problem 8.58SP: What is the difference in spatial distribution between electrons in a bond and electrons in a ... Problem 8.59SP: The average CC bond dissociation energy (D) is 350 kJ/mol, and the average C=C bond dissociation... Problem 8.60SP: What hybridization do you expect for atoms that have the following numbers of charge clouds? (a)... Problem 8.61SP: What spatial arrangement of charge clouds corresponds to each of the following kinds of... Problem 8.62SP: What hybridization would you expect for the indicated atom in each of the following molecules? (a)... Problem 8.63SP: What hybridization would you expect for the indicated atom in each of the following ions? (a) BH4(b)... Problem 8.64SP: Oxaloacetic acid is an intermediate involved in the citric acid cycle of food metabolism. What is... Problem 8.65SP: The atoms in the amino acid glycine are connected as shown (a) Draw an electron-dot structure for... Problem 8.66SP: Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in the poisonous gas phosgene, Cl2CO , and make a... Problem 8.67SP: Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in propyne (C3H4) , and make a rough sketch of the... Problem 8.68SP: Bupropion, marketed as Wellbutr in, is a heavily prescribed medication used in the treatment of... Problem 8.69SP: Efavirenz, marketed as Sustiva, is a medication used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency... Problem 8.70SP: What is the hybridization of the B and N atoms in borazine,what are the values of the BNB and NBN... Problem 8.71SP Problem 8.72SP: Aspirin has the following connections among atoms. Complete the electron-dot structure for aspirin,... Problem 8.73SP: The cation [HCNXeF]+ is entirely linear. Draw an electron-dot structure consistent with that... Problem 8.74SP: Acrylonitrile (C3H3N) is a molecule that is polymerized to make carpets and fabrics. The connections... Problem 8.75SP: The odor of cinnamon oil is due to cinnamaldehyde, C9H8O . What is the hybridization of each carbon... Problem 8.76SP: The following molecular model is a representation of caffeine. Identify the position(s) of multiple... Problem 8.77SP Problem 8.78SP: Which of the following substances would you expect to have a nonzero dipole moment? Explain, and... Problem 8.79SP: Which of the following substances would you expect to have a nonzero dipole moment? Explain, and... Problem 8.80SP: Why is the dipole moment of SO2 1.63 D hut that of CO2 is zero? Problem 8.81SP Problem 8.82SP: The class of ions PtX42 , where X is a halogen, has a square planar geometry. (a) Draw a structure... Problem 8.83SP Problem 8.84SP Problem 8.85SP Problem 8.86SP Problem 8.87SP Problem 8.88SP: What are the most important kinds of intermolecular forces present in each of the following... Problem 8.89SP: Of the substances Xe, CH3Cl , and HF which has: (a) The smallest dipoledipole forces? (b) The... Problem 8.90SP: Methanol (CH3OH;bp=65C) boils nearly 230 °C higher than methane (CH4;bp=164C) , but 1-decanol... Problem 8.91SP Problem 8.92SP Problem 8.93SP Problem 8.94SP: A liquid sample contains methylamine (CH3NH2) dissolved in water. Which of the following... Problem 8.95SP Problem 8.96SP: What is the difference in spatial distribution between electrons in a bonding MO and electrons in an... Problem 8.97SP Problem 8.98SP: Use the MO energy diagram in Figure 8.22b to describe the bonding in O2+,O2 , and O2 . Which of the... Problem 8.99SP: Use the MO energy diagram in Figure 8.22 a to describe the bonding in N2+,N2, and N2 . Which of the... Problem 8.100SP: The C2 molecule can be represented by an MO diagram similar to that in Figure 8.22a. (a) What ¡s the... Problem 8.101SP Problem 8.102SP Problem 8.103SP Problem 8.104SP: Draw a molecular orbital energy diagram for Li2 . What is the bond order? Is the molecule likely to... Problem 8.105SP: Calcium carbide, CaC2 , reacts with water to produce acetylene, C2H2 , and is sometimes used as a... Problem 8.106SP: At high temperatures, sulfur vapor is predominantly in the form of S2(g) molecules. (a) Assuming... Problem 8.107SP: Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. (a) Give the electron... Problem 8.108SP: Make a sketch showing the location and geometry of the p orbitals in the nitrite ion, NO2 . Describe... Problem 8.109SP: Make a sketch showing the location and geometry of the porbitals in the ally location. Describe the... Problem 8.110MP Problem 8.111MP Problem 8.112MP Problem 8.113MP Problem 8.114MP: Just as individual bonds in a molecule are often polar, molecules as a whole are also often polar... Problem 8.115MP: Cyclooctatetraenedian ion, C8H82 , is an organic ion with the structure shown. Considering only the ... format_list_bulleted