(a) Interpretation: The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined. Concept introduction: The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows: Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization 2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp 3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp 2 4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp 3 5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp 3 d 6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp 3 d 2 3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp 2 4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp 3 5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp 3

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as Ca, Cb and Cc in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as Ca, Cb and Cc in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as Ca, Cb and Cc in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as Ca, Cb and Cc in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as Ca, Cb and Cc in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as Ca, Cb and Cc in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as Ca, Cb and Cc in the structure needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) Shape Bond angles Hybridization

2 (2+0) Linear 180 sp

3 (3+0) Trigonal planar 120 sp²

4 (4+0) Tetrahedral 109.5 sp³

5 (5+0) Trigonal bipyrimidal 120. 90 sp³ d

6 (6+0) Octahedral 90 sp³ d²

3 (2+1) Bent 120 sp²

4 (2+2) Bent 109.5 sp³

5 (3+1) Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 sp³

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1P Ch. 8 - What is the number and geometric arrangement of...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.3 Acetic acid, CH3CO2H , is the main...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.4 Benzene, C6H6 , is a cyclic molecule in...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.5 Identify the orbitals that overlap to...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.6 Describe the bonding in propane, C3H8 ,...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.7 Describe the hybridization of the...Ch. 8 - Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Which orbitals overlap to form the sigma and pi...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.10 Describe the hybridization of the...

Solution Summary: The author explains the bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure need to be determined.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P)	Shape	Bond angles	Hybridization
2 (2+0)	Linear	180	sp
3 (3+0)	Trigonal planar	120	sp²
4 (4+0)	Tetrahedral	109.5	sp³
5 (5+0)	Trigonal bipyrimidal	120. 90	sp³ d
6 (6+0)	Octahedral	90	sp³ d²
3 (2+1)	Bent	120	sp²
4 (2+2)	Bent	109.5	sp³
5 (3+1)	Trigonal pyramidal	109.5	sp³