LCPO CHEMISTRY W/MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214756
Author: Robinson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.80SP
Why is the dipole moment of
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Which substance in each of the following pairs would you expect to have the higher boiling
point?
(a) Ne or Xe, (b) CO, or CSz, (e) CH4 or C, (d) Fz or LiF, (e) NH; or PH,
O (a) Xe; (b) CS2: (e) Cl; (d) F2; (e) NH3
O (a) Xe; (b) CS;; (c) Ch; (d) LiF; (e) PH3
O (a) Xe; (b) CS2; (c) Ch; (d) LiF; (e) NH3
O (a) Ne; (b) CS2; (c) CH; (d) F2; (e) NH3
O (a) Xe; (b) CO2: (e) CH4: (d) LiF: (e) PH3
Molecules can be polar because of the unsymmetrical distribution of electrons. The dipole moment, μ Q r
μ=Q×r
The SI unit of dipole moment is the coulomb-meter (C⋅m), but another common unit is the debye (D). The two are related as
3.336×10^−30 C⋅m=1 D
The percent ionic character is a comparison of the measured dipole moment of the bond to the expected dipole moment if electrons are instead transferred:
%ionic character=measured dipole/if electrons transferred×100%
The dipole moment if electrons are completely transferred is one for which a full unit of charge (1.60×10^−19 C) exists on each end of the bond.
The dipole measured for HI is 0.380 D. The bond distance is 161 pm. What is the percent ionic character of the HI bond?
Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
Describe the molecular dipole of OCl2.
Which substance in each of the following pairs would you expect to have the higher boiling
point?
(a) Ne or Xe, (b) CO2 or CS2, (c) CH4 or Cl2, (d) F2 or LiF, (e) NH3 or PH3
(a) Ne; (b) CS2; (c) CH4; (d) F2 ; (e) NH3
(a) Xe; (b) CS2; (c) Cl2; (d) LiF ; (e) PH3
O (a) Xe; (b) CS2; (c) Cl2; (d) LiF ; (e) NH3
(a) Xe; (b) CS2; (c) Cl2; (d) F2 ; (e) NH3
(a) Xe; (b) C02; (c) CH4 ; (d) LiF ; (e) PH3
Chapter 8 Solutions
LCPO CHEMISTRY W/MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1PCh. 8 - What is the number and geometric arrangement of...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.3 Acetic acid, CH3CO2H , is the main...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.4 Benzene, C6H6 , is a cyclic molecule in...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.5 Identify the orbitals that overlap to...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.6 Describe the bonding in propane, C3H8 ,...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.7 Describe the hybridization of the...Ch. 8 - Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Which orbitals overlap to form the sigma and pi...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.10 Describe the hybridization of the...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.11PCh. 8 - Conceptual APPLY 8.12 Match the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.13PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.14ACh. 8 - Prob. 8.15PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.16ACh. 8 - Prob. 8.17ACh. 8 - Prob. 8.18ACh. 8 - The B2 molecule has a MO diagram similar to that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.20ACh. 8 - PRACTICE 8.23 Draw two resonance structures for...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.24 Draw two resonance structures for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.23PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24PCh. 8 - Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.26PCh. 8 - What is the geometry around the central atom in...Ch. 8 - What is the geometry around the central atom in...Ch. 8 - Three of the following molecular models have a...Ch. 8 - Identify each of the following sets of hybrid...Ch. 8 - The VSEPR model is a simple predictive tool that...Ch. 8 - The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a...Ch. 8 - The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.34CPCh. 8 - The dipole moment of methanol is =1.70D . Use...Ch. 8 - Methylarnine, CH3NH2 , is responsible for the odor...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.37CPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.38SPCh. 8 - What shape do you expect for molecules that meet...Ch. 8 - How many charge clouds are there around the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.41SPCh. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.45SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46SPCh. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - What bond angles do you expect for each of the...Ch. 8 - What bond angles do you expect for each of the...Ch. 8 - Acrylonitrile is used as the starting material for...Ch. 8 - Predict values for all bond angles in dimethyl...Ch. 8 - Oceanographers study the mixing of water masses by...Ch. 8 - A potential replacement for the chlorofluorocarbon...Ch. 8 - Explain why cyclohexane, a substance that contains...Ch. 8 - Like cyclohexane (Problem 8.54), benzene also...Ch. 8 - Use VSEPR theory to answer the following...Ch. 8 - Draw an electron-dot structure for each of the...Ch. 8 - What is the difference in spatial distribution...Ch. 8 - The average CC bond dissociation energy (D) is 350...Ch. 8 - What hybridization do you expect for atoms that...Ch. 8 - What spatial arrangement of charge clouds...Ch. 8 - What hybridization would you expect for the...Ch. 8 - What hybridization would you expect for the...Ch. 8 - Oxaloacetic acid is an intermediate involved in...Ch. 8 - The atoms in the amino acid glycine are connected...Ch. 8 - Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Bupropion, marketed as Wellbutr in, is a heavily...Ch. 8 - Efavirenz, marketed as Sustiva, is a medication...Ch. 8 - What is the hybridization of the B and N atoms in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.71SPCh. 8 - Aspirin has the following connections among atoms....Ch. 8 - The cation [HCNXeF]+ is entirely linear. Draw an...Ch. 8 - Acrylonitrile (C3H3N) is a molecule that is...Ch. 8 - The odor of cinnamon oil is due to cinnamaldehyde,...Ch. 8 - The following molecular model is a representation...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.77SPCh. 8 - Which of the following substances would you expect...Ch. 8 - Which of the following substances would you expect...Ch. 8 - Why is the dipole moment of SO2 1.63 D hut that of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.81SPCh. 8 - The class of ions PtX42 , where X is a halogen,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.83SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.87SPCh. 8 - What are the most important kinds of...Ch. 8 - Of the substances Xe, CH3Cl , and HF which has:...Ch. 8 - Methanol (CH3OH;bp=65C) boils nearly 230 °C higher...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.91SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93SPCh. 8 - A liquid sample contains methylamine (CH3NH2)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.95SPCh. 8 - What is the difference in spatial distribution...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.97SPCh. 8 - Use the MO energy diagram in Figure 8.22b to...Ch. 8 - Use the MO energy diagram in Figure 8.22 a to...Ch. 8 - The C2 molecule can be represented by an MO...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.101SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.103SPCh. 8 - Draw a molecular orbital energy diagram for Li2 ....Ch. 8 - Calcium carbide, CaC2 , reacts with water to...Ch. 8 - At high temperatures, sulfur vapor is...Ch. 8 - Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete...Ch. 8 - Make a sketch showing the location and geometry of...Ch. 8 - Make a sketch showing the location and geometry of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.110MPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111MPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.112MPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.113MPCh. 8 - Just as individual bonds in a molecule are often...Ch. 8 - Cyclooctatetraenedian ion, C8H82 , is an organic...
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- A neutral molecule is identified as a tetrafluoride, XF4, where X is an unknown atom. If the molocule has a dipole moment of 0.63 D, can you give some possibilities for the identity of X?arrow_forwardConsider the polyatomic ion IO65-. How many pairs of electrons are around the central iodine atom? What is its hybridization? Describe the geometry of the ion.arrow_forward4. What is the molecular geometry of N2O (where the atoms are connected in the order NNO)? linear, 180° angle bent, 109.5° angle bent, 90° angle bent, 120° anglearrow_forward
- In an experimental study of the SO2 molecule, it has been obtained that the angle OSO is equal to 119° and the bond distance S=O is equal to 1.45 Å. Calculate the dipole moment of the bond S=0 and the corresponding percentage of ionic bond. Discuss the results obtained. Data: SO2 dipole moment = 1.65 D; elemental electric charge = 1.602x1019 C; 1 D = 3.336x1030 C m.arrow_forwardThe oxygen atoms in a sulfur dioxide molecule form an angle of 119.5 °. In this case, sulfur is more electronegative than oxygen. The length of the SO links is 0.2 10-10 m . What is the magnitude of the particle's dipole moment?arrow_forwardWhich of the following liquids is held together by hydrogen bonding? i) methano l ii) petrol iii) glycerol iv) ethanal (acetaldehyde) Using your knowledge of Lewis structures, deduce the structure of the cation PF4+. What is its true shape and F-P-F bond angle?arrow_forward
- In which of the species ICl6 − and SF4 is the bond angle closest to that predicted by the VSEPR model? Support your answer by drawing the VSEPR model of each.arrow_forwardIdentify the likely structure dipole moment of the theoretical molecule C(OH)3Cl. Provide a hand-drawn illustration showing the molecule's 3D structure and dipole moment if applicable.arrow_forwardThe dipole moment of the hydrogen halides decrease from HF to HI (see Table 5.3). explain this trend.arrow_forward
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