Chapter 8, Problem 8.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given solution $\text{C}\text{of}\text{lactose}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.28}\text{M}$ has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.

Concept Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.

Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.

Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.

Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given solution $\text{C}\text{of}\text{lactose and}\text{sucrose}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.28}\text{M}\text{each}$ has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.

Concept Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.

Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.

Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.

Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given solution $\text{C}\text{of}\text{lactose and}\text{sucrose}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.14}\text{M}\text{each}$ has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.

Concept Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.

Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.

Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.

Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given solution $\text{C}\text{of}\text{KCl}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.28}\text{M}$ has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.

Concept Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.

Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.

Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.

Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.