Organic And Biological Chemistry
Organic And Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305081079
Author: STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Concept explainers

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of th…
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotat…
Question
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Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The open-chain form of the given β−D−monosaccharide has to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The Fischer projection formula can be drawn by using the following rules.

  • Ø For α and β configurations, if in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed below the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the right position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø If in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed above the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the left position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø For β configuration, the position of OH group at the first carbon with respect to CH2OH group always remains in the same direction and in the Fischer projection formula it is placed at the left side.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 7.84EP

The open-chain form of the given β−D−monosaccharide is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The given Haworth projection formula is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 2

The open-chain form of the given Haworth projection formula of an β−D−monosaccharide is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 3

Thus, in this open-chain form of the given β−D−monosaccharide, CH2OH group is placed at the last carbon.  The hydroxyl group that is placed below the cyclic ring is then drawn at the right-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.  But as it is a β−D−monosaccharide, thus OH group at the first carbon with respect to CH2OH group is drawn at the left side of the open-chain structure.  The hydroxyl group that is placed above the cyclic ring is then drawn at the left-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide has to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The Fischer projection formula can be drawn by using the following rules.

  • Ø For α and β configurations, if in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed below the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the right position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø If in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed above the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the left position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø For β configuration, the position of OH group at the first carbon with respect to CH2OH group always remains in the same direction and in the Fischer projection formula it is placed at the left side.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 7.84EP

The open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 4

Explanation of Solution

The given Haworth projection formula is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 5

The open-chain form of the given Haworth projection formula of an α−D−monosaccharide is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 6

Thus, in this open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide, CH2OH group is placed at the last carbon.  The hydroxyl group that is placed below the cyclic ring is then drawn at the right-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.  The hydroxyl group that is placed above the cyclic ring is then drawn at the left-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide has to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The Fischer projection formula can be drawn by using the following rules.

  • Ø For α and β configurations, if in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed below the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the right position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø If in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed above the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the left position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø For β configuration, the position of OH group at the first carbon with respect to CH2OH group always remains in the same direction and in the Fischer projection formula it is placed at the left side.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 7.84EP

The open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

The given Haworth projection formula is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 8

The open-chain form of the given Haworth projection formula of an α−D−monosaccharide is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 9

Thus, in this open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide, CH2OH group is placed at the last carbon.  The hydroxyl group that is placed below the cyclic ring is then drawn at the right-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.  The hydroxyl group that is placed above the cyclic ring is then drawn at the left-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide has to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The Fischer projection formula can be drawn by using the following rules.

  • Ø For α and β configurations, if in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed below the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the right position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø If in the cyclic form of Haworth projection, OH group is placed above the ring then the same hydroxyl group is drawn at the left position in Fischer projection formula.
  • Ø For β configuration, the position of OH group at the first carbon with respect to CH2OH group always remains in the same direction and in the Fischer projection formula it is placed at the left side.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 7.84EP

The open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 10

Explanation of Solution

The given Haworth projection formula is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 11

The open-chain form of the given Haworth projection formula of an α−D−monosaccharide is shown as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 7, Problem 7.84EP , additional homework tip 12

Thus, in this open-chain form of the given α−D−monosaccharide, CH2OH group is placed at the last carbon.  The hydroxyl group that is placed below the cyclic ring is then drawn at the right-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.  The hydroxyl group that is placed above the cyclic ring is then drawn at the left-side position of the open-chain form of monosaccharide.

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Organic And Biological Chemistry

Ch. 7.1 - In terms of mass percent, which of the following...Ch. 7.1 - Which of the following is the most abundant type...Ch. 7.2 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.3 - Which of the following is not a possible value for...Ch. 7.3 - The complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2QQ
Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 4QQCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.6 - Which of the following Fischer projection formulas...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 4QQCh. 7.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.8 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 7.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 7.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 7.9 - In which of the following pairs of monosaccharides...Ch. 7.9 - In which of the following pairs of monosaccharides...Ch. 7.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.10 - Which of the following structures represents a...Ch. 7.10 - Prob. 3QQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 4QQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 5QQCh. 7.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.11 - Which of the following is the correct Haworth...Ch. 7.12 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.12 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.12 - Prob. 3QQCh. 7.12 - Prob. 4QQCh. 7.12 - Prob. 5QQCh. 7.13 - Which of the following disaccharides contains...Ch. 7.13 - Which of the following disaccharides will produce...Ch. 7.13 - In which of the following disaccharides is the...Ch. 7.13 - In which of the following pairs of disaccharides...Ch. 7.13 - Which of the following disaccharides is not a...Ch. 7.13 - The terms milk sugar and table sugar apply,...Ch. 7.14 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.14 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.15 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 7.15 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.16 - Which of the following storage polysaccharides has...Ch. 7.16 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.16 - Prob. 3QQCh. 7.16 - Prob. 4QQCh. 7.17 - Prob. 1QQCh. 7.17 - Which of the following statements about cellulose...Ch. 7.17 - Chitin is a polysaccharide in which the...Ch. 7.18 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 7.18 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 7.19 - Which of the following is not classified as a...Ch. 7.19 - Prob. 2QQCh. 7.20 - Which of the following types of compounds are...Ch. 7.20 - Which of the following is not a biochemical...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.1EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.2EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.3EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.4EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.5EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.6EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.7EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.8EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.9EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.10EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.11EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.12EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.13EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.14EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.15EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.16EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.17EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.18EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.19EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.20EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.21EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.22EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.23EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.24EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.25EPCh. 7 - Indicate whether or not each of the molecules in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.27EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.28EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.29EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.30EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.31EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.32EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.33EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.34EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.35EPCh. 7 - Draw the Fischer projection formula for each of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.37EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.38EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.39EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.40EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.41EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.42EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.43EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.44EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.45EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.46EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.47EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.48EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.49EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.50EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.51EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.52EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.53EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.54EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.55EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.56EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.57EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.58EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.59EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.60EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.61EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.62EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.63EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.64EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.65EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.66EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.67EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.68EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.69EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.70EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.71EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.72EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.73EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.74EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.75EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.76EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.77EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.78EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.79EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.80EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.81EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.82EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.83EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.84EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.85EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.86EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.87EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.88EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.89EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.90EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.91EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.92EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.93EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.94EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.95EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.96EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.97EPCh. 7 - Classify each of the glucose derivatives in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.99EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.100EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.101EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.102EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.103EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.104EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.105EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.106EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.107EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.108EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.109EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.110EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.111EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.112EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.113EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.114EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.115EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.116EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.117EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.118EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.119EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.120EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.121EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.122EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.123EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.124EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.125EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.126EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.127EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.128EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.129EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.130EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.131EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.132EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.133EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.134EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.135EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.136EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.137EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.138EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.139EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.140EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.141EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.142EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.143EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.144EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.145EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.146EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.147EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.148EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.149EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.150EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.151EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.152EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.153EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.154EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.155EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.156EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.157EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.158EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.159EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.160EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.161EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.162EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.163EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.164EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.165EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.166EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.167EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.168EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.169EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.170EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.171EPCh. 7 - Prob. 7.172EP
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