The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D − glucose has to be stated. Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Question

Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: 0.2 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.5 M HF solution. bases: Х other: ☐ acids: 0.10 mol of HI is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both HF and NaF. bases: other: ☐ 0,0,... ด ? 18 Ar

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: 0.2 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.5 M HF solution. bases: Х other: ☐ acids: 0.10 mol of HI is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both HF and NaF. bases: other: ☐ 0,0,... ด ? 18 Ar

Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base. acids: ☐ 1.8 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3 bases: ☐ solution. other: ☐ 0.18 mol of HNO3 is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both NH3 and NH₁Br. acids: bases: ☐ other: ☐ 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ar B 1

Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂ —N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Х Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no atm 00. 18 Ar 무ㅎ ?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Ch. 7.1 - In terms of mass percent, which of the following...Ch. 7.1 - Which of the following is the most abundant type...Ch. 7.2 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 7.3 - Which of the following is not a possible value for...Ch. 7.3 - The complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2QQ

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