Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 7, Problem 6PS

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of  Strontium (Sr) has to be predicted using its orbital notation box and noble gas electron filling method.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of a given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbitals. The important there rules for electronic configuration given below:

Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.

Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.

a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the orbital filling method of Strontium (Sr)

  1. 1. The spdf and orbital box notations, assign the 38 electrons for Sr to orbitals based on the order of filling.
  2. 2. The noble gas notation: The first 36 electrons are identified by the symbol of the krypton (Kr) it is a one of noble gas. The remaining (2) electrons are assigning to the 5s, sub-shells. Thus, the Hund’s rule is followed as shown in the box notation.

  AtomicnumberofStrontium(Sr)= 38Complete (spdf)notationof=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p35s2spdfwith noble gas notation=[Kr]5s2Orbitalboxnotation       = [Kr]5s2

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given the d-block element Zirconium (Zr) electronic configurations has to be derived using its orbital notation box and noble gas electron filling method.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of a given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbitals.

The important there rules for electronic configuration given below:

Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.

Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Next, consider the electronic configuration of Zirconium (Zr) atom using (spdf) orbital notation method.

  AtomicnumberofZirconium(Zr)= 40Complete (spdf)notationof(As)=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d25s2Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d25s2spdfwith noble gas notation=[Kr]5s2[AtomicnumberofKr=36]Orbitalboxnotation       = [Kr]4d25s2

Sr is the alkaline earth metals, this element present in s-block element and 5th period and group 2 in periodic table.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of Rhodium using its orbital notation box and noble gas electron filling method has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of a given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbitals.

The important there rules for electronic configuration given below:

Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.

Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the orbital filling method of Rhodium (Rh)

  1. 1. The spdf and orbital box notations, assign the 45 electrons for Rh to orbitals based on the order of filling.
  2. 2. The noble gas notation: The first (36) electrons are identified by the symbol of the krypton (Kr). The remaining (2) electrons are assigning to the 5s sub-shell. Thus, the Hund’s rule is fallowed as shown in the box notation.

  AtomicnumberofRhodium(Rh)=45Complete (spdf)notationof(Rh)=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s1Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s1spdfwith noble gas notation=[Kr]5s2[AtomicnumberofKr=36]Orbitalboxnotation       = [Kr]4d85s1

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of Tin (Sn) atom has to be predicted using its orbital notation box and noble gas electron filling method.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of a given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbitals.

The important there rules for electronic configuration given below:

Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.

Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Finally we consider the electronic configuration of Tin (Sn) atom.

  1. 1. The (spdf) and orbital box notations, assign the (50) electrons for (Sn) to orbitals based on the order of filling.
  2. 2. The noble gas notation: The first (36) electrons are identified by the symbol of the krypton (Kr) it is a one of noble gas. The remaining (14) electrons are assigned to the 4d, 5s, and 5p sub-shells. Hence the Hund’s rule is followed in the box notation.

  AtomicnumberofTin(Sn)=50Complete (spdf)notationof(Sn)=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p2Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p2spdfwith noble gas notation=[Kr]4d105s25p2[AtomicnumberofKr=36]Orbitalboxnotation       = [Kr]4d105s25p2

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2RCCh. 7.4 - Which of the following species is most...Ch. 7.5 - Without looking at the figures for the periodic...Ch. 7.5 - What is the trend in sizes of the ions K+, S2, and...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 7.6 - Give the electron configurations for iron and the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2QCh. 7.6 - Prob. 3QCh. 7.6 - Prob. 4QCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 7.6 - The most common oxidation state of a rare earth...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 6QCh. 7.6 - Prob. 7QCh. 7.6 - Use the atomic radii of scandium, yttrium,...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 9QCh. 7.6 - Prob. 10QCh. 7 - Write the electron configurations for P and CI...Ch. 7 - Write the electron configurations for Mg and Ar...Ch. 7 - Using spdf notation, write the electron...Ch. 7 - Using spdf notation, give the electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5PSCh. 7 - Prob. 6PSCh. 7 - Use noble gas and spdf notations to depict...Ch. 7 - The lanthanides, once called the rare earth...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9PSCh. 7 - Prob. 10PSCh. 7 - What is the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 7 - What is the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 7 - Depict the electron configuration for magnesium...Ch. 7 - Depict the electron configuration for phosphorus...Ch. 7 - Using an orbital box diagram and noble gas...Ch. 7 - Using an orbital box diagram and noble gas...Ch. 7 - Using orbital box diagrams, depict an electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18PSCh. 7 - Prob. 19PSCh. 7 - Using orbital box diagrams and noble gas notation,...Ch. 7 - Manganese is found as MnO2 in deep ocean deposits....Ch. 7 - One compound found in alkaline batteries is NiOOH,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 23PSCh. 7 - Arrange the following elements in order of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25PSCh. 7 - Prob. 26PSCh. 7 - Which of the following groups of elements is...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 7 - Compare the elements Na, Mg, O, and P. (a) Which...Ch. 7 - Compare the elements B. Al, C, and Si. (a) Which...Ch. 7 - Explain each answer briefly. (a) Place the...Ch. 7 - Explain each answer briefly. (a) Rank the...Ch. 7 - Identify the element that corresponds to each of...Ch. 7 - Identify the element that corresponds to each of...Ch. 7 - Explain why the photoelectron spectra of hydrogen...Ch. 7 - Sketch the major features (number of peaks and...Ch. 7 - These questions are not designated as to type or...Ch. 7 - The deep blue color of sapphires comes from the...Ch. 7 - Using an orbital box diagram and noble gas...Ch. 7 - Prob. 40GQCh. 7 - Prob. 41GQCh. 7 - Prob. 42GQCh. 7 - Which of the following is not an allowable set of...Ch. 7 - A possible excited state for the H atom has an...Ch. 7 - The magnet in the following photo is made from...Ch. 7 - Name the element corresponding to each...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 7 - Prob. 48GQCh. 7 - Answer the questions below about the elements A...Ch. 7 - Answer (he following questions about the elements...Ch. 7 - Which of the following ions are unlikely to be...Ch. 7 - Prob. 52GQCh. 7 - Answer each of the following questions: (a) Of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 54GQCh. 7 - Prob. 55GQCh. 7 - Two elements in the second transition series (Y...Ch. 7 - Prob. 57GQCh. 7 - The configuration of an element is given here. (a)...Ch. 7 - Answer the questions below about the elements A...Ch. 7 - Answer the questions below concerning ground state...Ch. 7 - Nickel(II) formate [Ni(HCO2)2] is widely used as a...Ch. 7 - Spinets are solids with the general formula M2+...Ch. 7 - The following questions use concepts from this and...Ch. 7 - Which ions in the following list are not likely to...Ch. 7 - Answer the following questions about first...Ch. 7 - The ionization of the hydrogen atom can be...Ch. 7 - Compare the configurations below with two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 68SCQCh. 7 - Write electron configurations to show the first...Ch. 7 - Prob. 70SCQCh. 7 - (a) Explain why the sizes of atoms change when...Ch. 7 - Which of the following elements has the greatest...Ch. 7 - Prob. 73SCQCh. 7 - Prob. 74SCQCh. 7 - The energies of the orbitals in many elements have...Ch. 7 - The ionization energies for the removal of the...Ch. 7 - Using your knowledge of the trends in element...Ch. 7 - Prob. 78SCQCh. 7 - Prob. 79SCQCh. 7 - Prob. 80SCQCh. 7 - Thionyl chloride. SOCl2, is an important...Ch. 7 - Prob. 82SCQCh. 7 - Slaters rules are a way to estimate the effective...
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