The structure of a carbocation intermediate formed in the addition reaction of HBr to two different alkenes is given. The structures of both alkenes are to be given. Concept introduction: In electrophilic addition reactions the first step involves the attack of the π electrons of the double bond on the positively polarized hydrogen atom of the hydrogen halide to give a carbocation as the product with the elimination of a halide ion. In the second step the carbocation reacts with the halide ion to give the product. To draw: The structures of two alkenes that yield the carbocation intermediate given in an addition reaction with HBr.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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Chapter 6.SE, Problem 15VC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of a carbocation intermediate formed in the addition reaction of HBr to two different alkenes is given. The structures of both alkenes are to be given.

Concept introduction:

In electrophilic addition reactions the first step involves the attack of the π electrons of the double bond on the positively polarized hydrogen atom of the hydrogen halide to give a carbocation as the product with the elimination of a halide ion. In the second step the carbocation reacts with the halide ion to give the product.

To draw:

The structures of two alkenes that yield the carbocation intermediate given in an addition reaction with HBr.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?

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