Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.
Concept introduction:
The double bond in
Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.
To show:
Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.
b)
Interpretation:
The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.
Concept introduction:
The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.
Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.
To show:
Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.
c)
Interpretation:
The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.
Concept introduction:
The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.
Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.
To show:
Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- 12) Use the curved arrow formalism to show the movement of electron pairs in the following reaction and label each reactant as a nucleophile or an electrophile. CHÍNH CHỊCH, + CO Học Nha CH₂CH₂CIarrow_forwardConsider the reaction between 2-methyl-2-butanol and HBr, shown below. но HBr Br Хarrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Follow the curved arrows and draw the products of the following reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. QUI H Qarrow_forward
- Consider this nucleophilic substitution reaction. 1. Highlight the electrophilic carbon in red, and highlight the leaving group in blue. Highlight the atom in the nucleophile that will attack the electrophilic center in green. Only atoms need to be highlighted and not the lone pairs or formal charges. 2. Draw the product(s) of the reaction. Include all lone pairs.arrow_forwardDraw a curved arrow mechanism to show the two resonance forms of the intermediate formed in the second electrophilic addition steps. You will need to modify the structure of the starting material to show this intermediate. Remember to include lone pairs and all nonzero formal charges. الملاحة Draw the structure of the intermediate in the second electrophilic addition and curved arrows to show resonance.arrow_forward2. The following carbocation is generated as an intermediate in the addition of H-Br to an alkene. Draw the structure of all possible alkenes that could have formed this intermediate.arrow_forward
- arning Complete the electron-pushing mechanism for the formation of the major product in the given reaction by adding any missing charges, atoms, bonds, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows. Predict all the products of the reaction. Do not delete any pre-drawn bonds, charges, or lone pairs. If you accidentally delete a vital part of the structure, use the undo button on the lower left of the drawing canvas. Step 1: Add curved arrows. H H H : 0 | H 150 °C Step 2: Draw the products, including any lone pairs.arrow_forwardSee image belowarrow_forwardDraw 2 different structures that contain carbocations that would undergo a methyl shift a ring expansion Use arrows to show how this would occurarrow_forward
- Draw the simplest mechanism possible for the reaction below. You may need to re-draw structures to show bond lines or lone pairs. Note to advanced students: There may be more than one resonance structure for one of your products. Make sure the mechanism you draw creates the resonance structure that's shown. + но + H₂Oarrow_forwardDraw the next most important resonance structure for the enolate shown. Use curved arrows to show the delocalization of electron pairs in both structures. Include lone pairs of electrons, formal charges, and be sure to draw all hydrogen atoms. You can add condensed hydrogens using the More menu, selecting +H and clicking on the carbon as many times as needed. Draw curved arrows to form the next most important Draw the next most important resonance structure, then draw curved arrows to reform the first structure. resonance structure. Erase Select Draw Rings More Erase Select Draw Rings More C :o : H,C CH2 Qarrow_forwardDo a and barrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning