a) Interpretation: Whether CH 3 Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated. Concept introduction: A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site. To state: Whether CH 3 Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6.4, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃S^- is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃S^- will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether the compound given is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether the compound given will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃CHO is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃CHO will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?

13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. cleavage Bond A •CH3 + 26.← Cleavage 2°C. + Bond C +3°C• CH3 2C Cleavage E 2°C. 26. weakest bond Intact molecule Strongest 3°C 20. Gund Largest argest a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. C Weakest bond A Produces Most Bond Strongest Bond Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals Weakest Stable radical b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 13°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. • CH3 methyl radical Formed in Gund A Cleavage c.…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6.4, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃S^- is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃S^- will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether the compound given is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether the compound given will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃CHO is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃CHO will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6.4, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃S^- is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃S^- will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether the compound given is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether the compound given will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃CHO is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃CHO will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6.4, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃S^- is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃S^- will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether the compound given is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether the compound given will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃CHO is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃CHO will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6.4, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃S^- is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃S^- will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether the compound given is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether the compound given will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃CHO is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃CHO will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 6

Chapter 6.4, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 7

Chapter 6.4, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃Cl is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃Cl will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃S^- is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃S^- will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃S^- is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃S^- will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether the compound given is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether the compound given will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether the compound given is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether the compound given will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃CHO is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃CHO will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH₃CHO is likely to behave as a nucleophile or electrophile or both to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A nucleophile (either negatively charged or a neutral molecule containing an atom with at least one lone pair of electrons) has an electron rich-site. An electrophile (either positively charged or a neutral molecule containing an electron deficient atom) has an electron poor-site.

To state:

Whether CH₃CHO will behave as nucleophile or electrophile or both.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2P Ch. 6.3 - Using curved fishhook arrows, propose a mechanism...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.4 - An electrostatic potential map of boron...Ch. 6.5 - What product would you expect from reaction of...Ch. 6.5 - Reaction of HBr with 2-methylpropene yields...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 8P Ch. 6.6 - Predict the products of the following polar...Ch. 6.7 - Which reaction is more energetically favored, one...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the C-Cl bond in CH 3 Cl is polar as chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Chapter 6 Solutions