Concept introduction:
Energy diagrams are used to depict graphically the energy changes that occur during a reaction. The vertical axis of the diagram represents the energy of all the reactants and the horizontal axis, called reaction coordinate, represents the progress of the reaction from beginning to end. The reactants are shown in left and the products in the right. The transition state represents the highest energy structure involved in the particular step reaction. The overall ΔG# is the energy difference between the reactants and highest transition state and overall ΔG0 is the free energy difference between the reactants and products. Every step in a reaction has a separate energy diagram.
To draw:
An energy diagram for a two-step reaction with Keq > 1. In the diagram the overall ΔG0, transition states, and intermediate are to be labeled. Whether the reaction has a positive or negative ΔG0 is also to be stated.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- 5. Draw the energy diagram for the following reaction in the reaction coordinate drawn below. HCI + H20 –→ H3O+ + Cl In your energy diagram, account for the fact that a) the reaction is very fast b) the reaction is strongly exergonic Clearly label all reactants, products, transition states, intermediates, and their energies.arrow_forwardIn the following reaction CH,CH,CH,CI Anhy AICI, B (Major) Red hot A Iron tube HC = CH The product B is CH,CH,CH, CH,CH, CH, -CH, CH CH, CH,CH, CH,arrow_forwardWhich statement is false regarding the following system? + HX Addition Elimination H -X O A positive AG means that the equilibrium will favor the reactants because the entropy term is larger than the enthalpy term representing the gain of entropy when one molecule becomes two. O A negative AG means that the equilibrium will favor the products because the enthalpy term is larger than the entropy term representing the loss of entropy when two molecules become one. Elimination reactions are thermodynamically favored at high temperatures, where the entropy of the reaction will be larger than the enthalpy, causing a positive AG and the reactants to be favored over the products. Addition reactions are thermodynamically favored at high temperatures, where the entropy of the reaction will be larger than the enthalpy, causing a positive AG and the reactants to be favored over the products.arrow_forward
- Which value (if any) corresponds to a faster reaction: (a) Ea = 40 kJ/mol or Ea = 4 kJ/mol; (b) a reaction temperature of 0 °C or a reaction temperature of 25 °C; (c) Keq = 10 or Keq = 100; (d) ΔHo = −10 kJ/mol or ΔHo = 10 kJ/mol?arrow_forwardWhich value (if any) corresponds to a faster reaction: (a) Ea = 40 kJ/mol or Ea = 4 kJ/mol;(b) a reaction temperature of 0 °C or a reaction temperature of 25 °C; (c) Keq = 10 or Keq = 100; (d) ΔHo = −10 kJ/mol or ΔHo = 10 kJ/mol?arrow_forwardWhich of the following reaction coordinate diagrams represents SN1 and E1 reactions? A B C Darrow_forward
- 2. a) Draw mechanism arrows to show how the reactants are converted to the products. b) Using the pKa values in Table 6.1, determine which side of the equilibrium will be favored. H-CI CląC Cl3C HO, H EH H Earrow_forwardDraw an energy diagram for a reaction in which the products are higher in energy than the starting materials and Ea is large. Clearly label all of the following on the diagram: the axes, the starting materials, the products, the transition state,?H°, and Ea.arrow_forwardDon't provide handwritten solution.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning