(a)
Interpretation:
To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?
Concept introduction:
An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.
(b)
Interpretation:
To label the Ea and ∆Ho for each step, and the ∆Ho overall for the reaction
Concept introduction:
An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.
The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆Ho. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.
Thus
Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.
∆Ho determines the relative position of the reactants and products
(c)
Interpretation:
To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram
Concept introduction:
An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.
The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆Ho. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.
Thus
Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.
∆Ho determines the relative position of the reactants and products
(c)
Interpretation:
Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.
Concept introduction:
An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.
The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆Ho. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.
Thus
Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.
∆Ho determines the relative position of the reactants and products
In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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