Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402772
Author: Janice G. Smith
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conformation which is present in higher concentration when R=CH2CH3 is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.37P

The equatorial conformation is present in higher concentration in the given compound.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

The value of Keq is 23 when R=CH2CH3.

The equilibrium reaction of monosubstituted cyclohexane is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Figure 1

The value of Keq is 23 when R=CH2CH3. The value of Keq is greater than 1. It implies that the concentration of the starting material is comparatively lower than that of the concentration of product. The formation of products is favored at equilibrium. Therefore, the equatorial conformation is present in higher concentration in the given compound.

Conclusion

The equatorial conformation is present in higher concentration in the given compound.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The R group which shows the higher percentage of equatorial conformation at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.37P

The R group that shows the higher percentage of equatorial conformation at equilibrium is R=C(CH3)3.

Explanation of Solution

The values of Keq are 23 and 4000.

The both given values are greater than 1, which indicates that in both the cases, the formation of the product is favored at equilibrium. The equilibrium constant (Keq) is higher for R=C(CH3)3 than that of R=CH2CH3.

If the Keq value is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the Keq value is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Therefore, the R group that shows the higher percentage of equatorial conformation at equilibrium is to R=C(CH3)3.

Conclusion

The R group that shows the higher percentage of equatorial conformation at equilibrium is to R=C(CH3)3.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The R group which shows the higher percentage of axial conformation at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.37P

The R group that shows the higher percentage of axial conformation at equilibrium is R=CH2CH3.

Explanation of Solution

The values of Keq are 23 and 4000.

The equilibrium constant (Keq) is higher for R=C(CH3)3 than that of R=CH2CH3. The given both values are greater than 1, which indicates that in both cases the formation of the product is favored at equilibrium. However, the ethyl group experiences less 1,3 diaxial interactions due to less value of Keq.

Therefore, the R group that shows the higher percentage of axial conformation at equilibrium is R=CH2CH3.

Conclusion

The R group that shows the higher percentage of axial conformation at equilibrium is to R=CH2CH3.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The R group for which ΔG° is more negative to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.37P

The value of ΔGo is more negative for R=C(CH3)3.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

The values of Keq are 23 and 4000.

The relationship between ΔG° and Keq is expressed as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

As the value of Keq increases, the value of ΔGo become more and more negative. The value of Keq is more for R=C(CH3)3. Hence, the value of ΔGo is more negative for R=C(CH3)3.

Conclusion

The value of ΔGo is more negative for R=C(CH3)3.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the relation of size of R to the amount of axial and equatorial conformation at equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.37P

The large size of R group favors the formation of product that has equatorial conformation at equilibrium whereas the small size of R group favors the formation of reactant that has axial conformationat equilibrium.

Explanation of Solution

The value Keq for R=C(CH3)3 and R=CH2CH3 is 4000 and 23 respectively. The formation of product that has equatorial conformation is more favored as the value of Keq increases. The large size of R group favors formation of product that has equatorial conformation at equilibrium whereas the small size of R group favors formation of reactant that has axial conformationat equilibrium.

Conclusion

The large size of R group favors formation of product that has equatorial conformation at equilibrium whereas the small size of R group favors formation of reactant that has axial conformationat equilibrium.

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Chapter 6 Solutions

Organic Chemistry

Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.11PCh. 6 - For a reaction with H=40kJ/mol, decide which of...Ch. 6 - For a reaction with H=20kJ/mol, decide which of...Ch. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for a reaction in which the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.15PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.16PCh. 6 - Problem 6.19 Consider the following energy...Ch. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for a two-step reaction,...Ch. 6 - Which value if any corresponds to a faster...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.20PCh. 6 - Problem 6.23 For each rate equation, what effect...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.22PCh. 6 - Identify the catalyst in each equation. a....Ch. 6 - Draw the products of homolysis or heterolysis of...Ch. 6 - Explain why the bond dissociation energy for bond...Ch. 6 - Classify each transformation as substitution,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.27PCh. 6 - Draw the products of each reaction by following...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.29PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.30PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.31PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.32PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.33PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.34PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.35PCh. 6 - 6.39. a. Which value corresponds to a negative...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.37PCh. 6 - At 25 C, the energy difference Go for the...Ch. 6 - For which of the following reaction is S a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.40PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.41PCh. 6 - 6.44 Consider the following reaction: . Use curved...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.43PCh. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for the Bronsted-Lowry...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.45PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.46PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.47PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.48PCh. 6 - The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.50PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.51PCh. 6 - 6.54 Explain why is more acidic than , even...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.53PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.54PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.55PCh. 6 - Although Keq of equation 1 in problem 6.57 does...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.57P
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