(a) Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of Δ H ° for this step is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by Δ H ° . Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of Δ H ° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of ΔH° for this step is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [2] is to be identified. The value of ΔH° is negative or positive to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The rate determining step is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The slow step in the reaction determines the rate of reactions. The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The structures for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the chemical reaction. In an energy level diagram, it corresponds to the high potential energy along the y-axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: An energy diagram is to be drawn if ΔH°overall is negative for this two-step reaction.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

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A J то گای ه +0 Also calculate the amount of starting materials chlorobenzaldehyde and p-chloroacetophenone required to prepare 400 mg of the given chalcone product 1, 3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one molar mass ok 1,3-bis(4-Chlorophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one = 277.1591m01 number of moles= 0.400/277.15 = 0.00144 moles 2 x 0.00 144=0.00288 moves arams of acetophenone = 0.00144 X 120.16 = 0.1739 0.1739x2=0.3469 grams of benzaldehyde = 0.00144X106.12=0.1539 0.1539x2 = 0.3069 Starting materials: 0.3469 Ox acetophenone, 0.3069 of benzaldehyde 3

1. Answer the questions about the following reaction: (a) Draw in the arrows that can be used make this reaction occur and draw in the product of substitution in this reaction. Be sure to include any relevant stereochemistry in the product structure. + SK F Br + (b) In which solvent would this reaction proceed the fastest (Circle one) Methanol Acetone (c) Imagine that you are working for a chemical company and it was your job to perform a similar reaction to the one above, with the exception of the S atom in this reaction being replaced by an O atom. During the reaction, you observe the formation of three separate molecules instead of the single molecule obtained above. What is the likeliest other products that are formed? Draw them in the box provided.

3. For the reactions below, draw the arrows corresponding to the transformations and draw in the boxes the reactants or products as indicated. Note: Part A should have arrows drawn going from the reactants to the middle structure and the arrows on the middle structure that would yield the final structure. For part B, you will need to draw in the reactant before being able to draw the arrows corresponding to product formation. A. B. Rearrangement ΘΗ

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of ΔH° for this step is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [2] is to be identified. The value of ΔH° is negative or positive to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The rate determining step is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The slow step in the reaction determines the rate of reactions. The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The structures for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the chemical reaction. In an energy level diagram, it corresponds to the high potential energy along the y-axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: An energy diagram is to be drawn if ΔH°overall is negative for this two-step reaction.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of ΔH° for this step is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [2] is to be identified. The value of ΔH° is negative or positive to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The rate determining step is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The slow step in the reaction determines the rate of reactions. The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The structures for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the chemical reaction. In an energy level diagram, it corresponds to the high potential energy along the y-axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: An energy diagram is to be drawn if ΔH°overall is negative for this two-step reaction.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of ΔH° for this step is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [2] is to be identified. The value of ΔH° is negative or positive to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The rate determining step is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The slow step in the reaction determines the rate of reactions. The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The structures for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the chemical reaction. In an energy level diagram, it corresponds to the high potential energy along the y-axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: An energy diagram is to be drawn if ΔH°overall is negative for this two-step reaction.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 6.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of ΔH° for this step is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [2] is to be identified. The value of ΔH° is negative or positive to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The rate determining step is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The slow step in the reaction determines the rate of reactions. The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The structures for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the chemical reaction. In an energy level diagram, it corresponds to the high potential energy along the y-axis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: An energy diagram is to be drawn if ΔH°overall is negative for this two-step reaction.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of ΔH° for this step is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 6.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [1] is to be identified. The sign of ΔH° for this step is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [2] is to be identified. The value of ΔH° is negative or positive to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of bonds broken and formed in Step [2] is to be identified. The value of ΔH° is negative or positive to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The rate determining step is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The slow step in the reaction determines the rate of reactions. The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The rate determining step is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The slow step in the reaction determines the rate of reactions. The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The structures for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the chemical reaction. In an energy level diagram, it corresponds to the high potential energy along the y-axis.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The structures for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the chemical reaction. In an energy level diagram, it corresponds to the high potential energy along the y-axis.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: An energy diagram is to be drawn if ΔH°overall is negative for this two-step reaction.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: An energy diagram is to be drawn if ΔH°overall is negative for this two-step reaction.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by ΔH°. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are opposite to each other. The value of ΔH° for exothermic and endothermic reactions is positive and negative respectively.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1P Ch. 6 - By taking into account electronegativity...Ch. 6 - Use curved arrows to show the movement of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.4P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.5P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.6P Ch. 6 - aWhich Keq corresponds to a negative value of G,...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - The equilibrium constant for the conversion of the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the number of bonds broken and formed in Step 1 is to be identified and the value of Delta H° is positive for this step.

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