Chapter 6, Problem 6.41P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The energy diagram for a concerted, exothermic reaction with low energy of activation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The reactions in which product are formed by the breaking and making of bonds in a single step are known as concerted reactions. The activation energy $\left(E_{\text{a}}\right)$ aids in determining the rate of the chemical reactions. The small value of $E_{\text{a}}$ exhibits that less energy is required to convert the reactants into products. It increases the rate of reaction. The change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H°\right)$ indicates the relative position of starting material or product in the chemical reaction. The highest point in the energy diagram along the reaction coordinates is referred to as transition energy. The energy difference between starting material or product is expressed by $\Delta H°$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The energy diagram for a one-step endothermic reaction with high energy of activation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The reactions in which product are formed by the breaking and making of bonds in a single step are known as concerted reactions. The activation energy $\left(E_{\text{a}}\right)$ aids in determining the rate of the chemical reactions. The small value of $E_{\text{a}}$ exhibits that less energy is required to convert the reactants into products. It increases the rate of reaction. The change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H°\right)$ indicates the relative position of starting material or product in the chemical reaction. The highest point in the energy diagram along the reaction coordinates is referred to as transition energy. The energy difference between starting material or product is expressed by $\Delta H°$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The energy diagram for a two-step reaction, $\text{A}\to \text{B}\to \text{C}$, where the relative energy of these compounds is $\text{A}<\text{C}<\text{B}$, and the conversion of $\text{A}\to \text{B}$ is rate-determining step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The reactions in which product are formed by the breaking and making of bonds in a single step are known as concerted reactions. The activation energy $\left(E_{\text{a}}\right)$ aids in determining the rate of the chemical reactions. The small value of $E_{\text{a}}$ exhibits that less energy is required to convert the reactants into products. It increases the rate of reaction. The change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H°\right)$ indicates the relative position of starting material or product in the chemical reaction. The highest point in the energy diagram along the reaction coordinates is referred to as transition energy. The energy difference between starting material or product is expressed by $\Delta H°$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The energy diagram for the concerted reaction with $\Delta H°=-80\text{kJ}/\text{mol}$ and $E_{\text{a}}=16\text{kJ}/\text{mol}$ is to be drawn. The axes, the starting material, product, transition state, $\Delta H°$, and $E_{\text{a}}$ are to be labeled in the energy diagram.

Concept introduction: The reactions in which product are formed by the breaking and making of bonds in a single step are known as concerted reactions. The activation energy $\left(E_{\text{a}}\right)$ aids in determining the rate of the chemical reactions. The small value of $E_{\text{a}}$ exhibits that less energy is required to convert the reactants into products. It increases the rate of reaction. The change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H°\right)$ indicates the relative position of starting material or product in the chemical reaction. The highest point in the energy diagram along the reaction coordinates is referred as transition energy. The energy difference between starting material or product is expressed by $\Delta H°$.