Toughness of material.

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Chapter 6, Problem 11ETSQ

To determine

To Define:Toughness of material.

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Given your understanding of what initiates and controls failure in materials, which of the following will increase the failure strength or lifetime of a test piece or component and why? a. Decreasing the difference between the maximum and minimum stress values, as this effects the stress concentration factor b. Decreasing the temperature below the brittle-ductile transition temperature, to make it harder C. Polishing to reduce surface defects Od. Increasing its volume, to give a larger cross sectional area Oe. Increasing the grain size so there are less grain boundaries to initiate failure

(b) The difference between the theoretical and measured fracture strengths of brittle materials is explained by the presence of small flaws or cracks. In terms of these pre-existing flaws or cracks, briefly describe the occurring phenomena when a brittle material fractures in tension. (i) (ii) Explain why ductile materials do not fail in a brittle manner even though they have small flaws and crack present. If so, explain the process of ductile fracture of the materials.

For a specimen of a steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 80 MPa√m, fracture results at a stress of 510 MPa when the maximum (or critical) internal crack length is 6 mm. For the same alloy, will fracture occur at a stress level of 380 MPa when the maximum internal crack is 9.0 mm? Why or why not? Select the most appropriate answer based on your calculation. Select one: a. It will not fracture b. Not enough information c. It will fracture