Chapter 5.3, Problem 29SSC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of silicon needs to be written and the orbital diagram of silicon needs to be drawn applying the Pauli Exclusion Principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule.

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 29SSC

Silicon $\left[Ne\right]3s²3p²$

Explanation of Solution

Given: Silicon atom

An orbital diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital diagram, the each orbital is shown as square and in a sublevel they are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

Silicon $\left[Ne\right]3s²3p²$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of fluorine needs to be written and the orbital diagram of Krypton needs to be drawn applying the Pauli Exclusion Principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule.

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 29SSC

Fluorine $\left[He\right]2s^{2}2p^5$

Explanation of Solution

Given: Fluorine atom

An orbital diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital diagram, the each orbital is shown as square and in a sublevel they are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

Fluorine 1 $\left[He\right]2s^{2}2p^5$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of calcium needs to be written and the orbital diagram of Krypton needs to be drawn applying the Pauli Exclusion Principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule.

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 29SSC

Calcium 3 $\left[Ar\right]4s²$

Explanation of Solution

Given: Calcium atom

An orbital diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital diagram, the each orbital is shown as square and in a sublevel they are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

Calcium

$\left[Ar\right]4s²$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of krypton needs to be written and the orbital diagram of Krypton needs to be drawn applying the Pauli Exclusion Principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule..

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 29SSC

Krypton $\left[Ar\right]3d^{10}4s²4p^6$

Explanation of Solution

Given: Krypton atom

An orbital diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital diagram, the each orbital is shown as square and in a sublevel they are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

Krypton $\left[Ar\right]3d^{10}4s²4p^6$