Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.37E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The activity of
Concept introduction:
The activity is calculated by the formula,
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Hydrogen peroxide can be prepared in several ways. One method is the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, another
method is the reaction between water and oxygen. Calculate the AGxn of each reaction using values from the table of
thermodynamic properties.
(1) H,(g) +0,(g) =H,0,1)
AGan =
kJ-mol-
(2) H,O() + 0,(g)
2H,0,(1)
kJ-mol
AGn =
Which method requires less energy under standard conditions?
O reaction (1)
reaction (2)
Calculate the standard change in Gibbs free energy for the reaction at 25 °C. Refer to the AG, values.
3H,(g) + Fe,0,(s) –
- 2 Fe(s) + 3 H,0(g)
AG°an =
kJ
Using ONLY the information given in the problem (no thermodynamic table),
calculate the standard free energy change for this reaction.
At 298K, K = 6.74 x 106 for the following reaction:
%3D
C;H,O3 (g)
C,H6(g) + 3CO(g)
1)State the First Law of Thermodynamics.
2)Fluorine (F2) and iodine (I2) are both Group 17 elements. Explain with reference to intermolecular forces, why fluorine is a gas and iodine is a solid at room temperature.
4)When 30 g of ammonium nitrate, (NH4NO3) was stirred into 10 cm3 of water, the temperature fell from 21 oC to 15 oC.
5)Calculate the total amount of energy (E) released in this experiment. Ignore the heat capacity of ammonium nitrate. Take the specific heat capacity of the water as 4.18 J g-1 ºC-1. Density of water is 1.00 gcm-3.
6)This amount of energy [answer to part (i)] was produced by 30 g of ammonium nitrate. Calculate the energy change per mole of ammonium nitrate. Include the correct sign for…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 5 - 5.1. Can a battery that has a voltage be...Ch. 5 - 5.2. What is the difference between a static...Ch. 5 - Which system in each pair best represents...Ch. 5 -
5.4. Supersaturated solutions can be made in...Ch. 5 -
5.5. Following is a chemical reaction between...Ch. 5 - 5.6. The following is a reaction with its initial...Ch. 5 - The following is a reaction with initial amounts...Ch. 5 - 5.8. The hemoglobin in blood establishes an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9ECh. 5 - 5.10. If and gases were contained in a system...
Ch. 5 - 5.11. Determine the numerical value of Q for the...Ch. 5 - 5.12. True or false: If all the partial pressures...Ch. 5 - For the reaction 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) when 2mol of...Ch. 5 - 5.14. Determine and for the following reaction at...Ch. 5 - 5.15. Consider the reaction
If the partial...Ch. 5 -
5.16. In atmospheric chemistry, the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17ECh. 5 - 5.18. Hydrogen cyanide can isomerize to hydrogen...Ch. 5 - 5.19. Assume that a reaction exists such that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20ECh. 5 - 5.21. Show that if the coefficients of a balanced...Ch. 5 - 5.22. True or false: If for a gas-phase reaction,...Ch. 5 - 5.23. The balanced chemical reaction for the...Ch. 5 - The answers in exercise 5.23 should show that...Ch. 5 - At a high enough temperature, the equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.26ECh. 5 - 5.27. Nitrogen dioxide,, dimerizes easily to form...Ch. 5 - 5.28. Another nitrogen-oxygen reaction of some...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.29ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.30ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.31ECh. 5 - 5.32. For the reaction
. (a) Using in Appendix...Ch. 5 - 5.33. Use the data in Appendix to calculate ...Ch. 5 - 5.34. The of diamond, a crystalline form of...Ch. 5 - 5.35. The densities of graphite and diamond are ...Ch. 5 - Buckminsterfullerene, C60, is a spherical molecule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.37ECh. 5 - At what pressure does H2O have an activity of...Ch. 5 - The bisulfate or hydrogen sulfate anion, HSO4, is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40ECh. 5 - Write the equilibrium constant expression for each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.42ECh. 5 - For the given chemical equilibrium, these data are...Ch. 5 - Biological standard states include specifying a...Ch. 5 - a At 25.0C, Kw for the autoionization of water is...Ch. 5 - 5.46. For a reaction whose standard enthalpy...Ch. 5 - 5.47. For the reaction
and . Estimate for this...Ch. 5 - 5.48. The isotope exchange reaction
has an...Ch. 5 - 5.49. Consider the following equilibrium:
What...Ch. 5 - 5.50. For the equilibrium
Equilibrium partial...Ch. 5 - The decomposition of NaHCO3, used in kitchens to...Ch. 5 - 5.52. For the equilibrium
at,. In a flask, of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.53ECh. 5 - 5.54. For the reaction
The equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55ECh. 5 - 5.56. Of the amino acids listed in Table , which...Ch. 5 - 5.57. Determine the concentration of the three...Ch. 5 - 5.58. The formation of zwitterionic glycine, ,...Ch. 5 - 5.59. Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is the sodium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60ECh. 5 - Consider the balanced chemical reaction...Ch. 5 - For the gas-phase reaction 2H2+O22H2O rxnG is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.63ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.64E
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- The major industrial use of hydrogen is in the production of ammonia by the Haber process: 3H2(g)+N2(g)2NH3(g) a. Using data from Appendix 4, calculate H, S, and G for the Haber process reaction. b. Is the reaction spontaneous at standard conditions? c. At what temperatures is the reaction spontaneous at standard conditions? Assume H and S do not depend on temperature.arrow_forwardActually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forwardUse the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a) the reaction between copper(II) oxide and carbon monoxide to give copper metal and carbon dioxide. (b) the decomposition of one mole of methyl alcohol (CH3OH) to methane and oxygen gases.arrow_forward
- Hydrogen peroxide can be prepared in several ways. One method is the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, another method is the reaction between water and oxygen. Calculate the AGxn of each reaction using values from the table of thermodynamic properties. (1) H₂(g) + O₂(g) → H₂0₂ (1) AGixn = (2) H₂O(l) + O₂(g) ⇒ H₂O₂ (1) AGixn = Which method requires less energy under standard conditions? reaction (1) reaction (2) kJ.mol-1 kJ.mol-¹arrow_forwardEstimate the difference between AH reaction and AU reaction (in kJ/mol) for the reaction: N₂H4(l) + 2H₂O₂(1)→N₂(g) + 4H2₂O(l) at 298 Karrow_forward2H2Se(g) produce H2(g)+Se2(g), deltaH=-13.8 kJ/mol a. what will happen to the reaction if it is conducted at 100 celcius degree b. what is the effect of pumping Argon gas to this reaction mixture?arrow_forward
- What is the enthalpy of the dissociation for 2CH4+ O=O = 2CH3OH?arrow_forwardUse the following information to calculate the standard free energy change (AG°) and equilibrium constant (K) for the following system: CaCO3(s) = CaO(s) + CO2(g) T= 900.0 °C AH;° values (kJ/mol): CaO(s) = -634.9, CO2(g) = -393.51, CaCO3(s) =–1220.0 %3D S° values (J/mol K): CaO(s) = 110.0, CO2(g) = 213.8, CACO3(s) = 38.1 %3D %3D %3Darrow_forwardGibbs free energy (G) is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. It is the chemical potential for a reaction, and is minimized at equilibrium. It is defined as G=H-TS where H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy. The chemical reaction that causes magnesium to corrode in air is given by 2Mg + O2-2MgO in which at 298 K, AH = 1204 kJ and AS = -217.1 J/K. - Part B What is the Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5958 K? Assume that AH and AS do not change with temperature. Express your answer to two decimal places and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) AGrxn= O μÅ Value Units ?arrow_forward
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