Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.36E
Buckminsterfullerene,
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 5 - 5.1. Can a battery that has a voltage be...Ch. 5 - 5.2. What is the difference between a static...Ch. 5 - Which system in each pair best represents...Ch. 5 -
5.4. Supersaturated solutions can be made in...Ch. 5 -
5.5. Following is a chemical reaction between...Ch. 5 - 5.6. The following is a reaction with its initial...Ch. 5 - The following is a reaction with initial amounts...Ch. 5 - 5.8. The hemoglobin in blood establishes an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9ECh. 5 - 5.10. If and gases were contained in a system...
Ch. 5 - 5.11. Determine the numerical value of Q for the...Ch. 5 - 5.12. True or false: If all the partial pressures...Ch. 5 - For the reaction 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) when 2mol of...Ch. 5 - 5.14. Determine and for the following reaction at...Ch. 5 - 5.15. Consider the reaction
If the partial...Ch. 5 -
5.16. In atmospheric chemistry, the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17ECh. 5 - 5.18. Hydrogen cyanide can isomerize to hydrogen...Ch. 5 - 5.19. Assume that a reaction exists such that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20ECh. 5 - 5.21. Show that if the coefficients of a balanced...Ch. 5 - 5.22. True or false: If for a gas-phase reaction,...Ch. 5 - 5.23. The balanced chemical reaction for the...Ch. 5 - The answers in exercise 5.23 should show that...Ch. 5 - At a high enough temperature, the equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.26ECh. 5 - 5.27. Nitrogen dioxide,, dimerizes easily to form...Ch. 5 - 5.28. Another nitrogen-oxygen reaction of some...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.29ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.30ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.31ECh. 5 - 5.32. For the reaction
. (a) Using in Appendix...Ch. 5 - 5.33. Use the data in Appendix to calculate ...Ch. 5 - 5.34. The of diamond, a crystalline form of...Ch. 5 - 5.35. The densities of graphite and diamond are ...Ch. 5 - Buckminsterfullerene, C60, is a spherical molecule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.37ECh. 5 - At what pressure does H2O have an activity of...Ch. 5 - The bisulfate or hydrogen sulfate anion, HSO4, is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40ECh. 5 - Write the equilibrium constant expression for each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.42ECh. 5 - For the given chemical equilibrium, these data are...Ch. 5 - Biological standard states include specifying a...Ch. 5 - a At 25.0C, Kw for the autoionization of water is...Ch. 5 - 5.46. For a reaction whose standard enthalpy...Ch. 5 - 5.47. For the reaction
and . Estimate for this...Ch. 5 - 5.48. The isotope exchange reaction
has an...Ch. 5 - 5.49. Consider the following equilibrium:
What...Ch. 5 - 5.50. For the equilibrium
Equilibrium partial...Ch. 5 - The decomposition of NaHCO3, used in kitchens to...Ch. 5 - 5.52. For the equilibrium
at,. In a flask, of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.53ECh. 5 - 5.54. For the reaction
The equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55ECh. 5 - 5.56. Of the amino acids listed in Table , which...Ch. 5 - 5.57. Determine the concentration of the three...Ch. 5 - 5.58. The formation of zwitterionic glycine, ,...Ch. 5 - 5.59. Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is the sodium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60ECh. 5 - Consider the balanced chemical reaction...Ch. 5 - For the gas-phase reaction 2H2+O22H2O rxnG is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.63ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.64E
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- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for a certain reaction increases by a factor of 6.67 when the temperature is increased from 300.0 K to 350.0 K. Calculate the standard change in enthalpy (H) for this reaction (assuming H is temperature-independent).arrow_forwardWet limestone is used to scrub SO2 gas from the exhaust gases of power plants. One possible reaction gives hydrated calcium sulfite: CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) + H2O() CaSO3 H2O(s) + CO2(g) Another reaction gives hydrated calcium sulfate: CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) + H2O() + O2(g) CaSO4 H2O(s) + CO2(g) (a) Which reaction is more product-favored at equilibrium? Use the data in the table below and any other information needed in Appendix L to calculate rG for each reaction at 25 C. (b) Calculate rG for the reaction CaSO3 H2O(s) + O2(g) CaSO4 H2O(s) Is this reaction product- or reactant-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Consider the Haber process: N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g);H=91.8kJ The density of ammonia at 25C and 1.00 atm is 0.696 g/L. The density of nitrogen, N2, is 1.145 g/L, and the molar heat capacity is 29.12 J/(mol C). (a) How much heat is evolved in the production of 1.00 L of ammonia at 25C and 1.00 atm? (b) What percentage of this heat is required to heat the nitrogen required for this reaction (0.500 L) from 25C to 400C, the temperature at which the Haber process is run?arrow_forwardWhat information can be determined from G for a reaction? Does one get the same information from G, the standard free energy change? G allows determination of the equilibrium constant K for a reaction. How? How can one estimate the value of K at temperatures other than 25C for a reaction? How can one estimate the temperature where K = 1 for a reaction? Do all reactions have a specific temperature where K = 1?arrow_forwardUsing values of fH and S, calculate rG for each of the following reactions at 25 C. (a) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O() 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) (b) 6 C(graphite) + 3 H2(g) C6H6() Which of these reactions is (are) predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium? Are the reactions enthalpy- or entropy-driven?arrow_forward
- Calculate G and K at 25C for the reactions in Exercises 37 and 41.arrow_forwardAdenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forwardIs the formation of ozone (O3(g)) from oxygen (O2(g)) spontaneous at room temperature under standard state conditions?arrow_forward
- When a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200. °C in a closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established. Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction. Use bond enthalpies from Table 6.2 ( Sec. 6-6b) to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction. Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium, the entropy effect or the energy effect? In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200. °C? Explain. Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift? Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?arrow_forwardThe value of G for the reaction 2C4H10(g)+13O2(g)8CO2(g)+10H2O(l) is 5490. kJ. Use this value and data from Appendix 4 to calculate the standard free energy of formation for C4H 10(g).arrow_forwardUsing values of fH and S, calculate the standard molar free energy of formation, fG, for each of the following: (a) Ca(OH)2(s) (b) Cl(g) (c) Na2CO3(s) Compare your calculated values of fG with those listed in Appendix L. Which of these formation reactions are predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C?arrow_forward
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