Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.45E
(a) At
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The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has an enthalpy change, ∆H°, = -55.9 kJ/mol. The net ionic equation for this reaction is H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) ⇌ H₂O(l) which is the reverse of the autoionization of water, and therefore ∆H° for the autoionization of water = +55.9 kJ/mol. Kw for the autoionization of water is 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C. Distilled water has a [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M and a neutral pH of 7.0. Calculate the neutral pH of distilled water at 95°C.
Ammonia reacts with water in liquid ammonia solution according to the equation:
NH3(g) + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH−
The change in enthalpy for this reaction is 21 kJ/mol, and ΔS° = −303 J/(mol·K). What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at the boiling point of liquid ammonia (−31°C)?
a) For the reaction given in Part A, how much heat is absorbed when 2.70 mol of AA reacts? (the image attached)
b) For the reaction given in Part A, ΔS∘rxn is 39.0 J/K . What is the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction, ΔG∘rxn?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 5 - 5.1. Can a battery that has a voltage be...Ch. 5 - 5.2. What is the difference between a static...Ch. 5 - Which system in each pair best represents...Ch. 5 -
5.4. Supersaturated solutions can be made in...Ch. 5 -
5.5. Following is a chemical reaction between...Ch. 5 - 5.6. The following is a reaction with its initial...Ch. 5 - The following is a reaction with initial amounts...Ch. 5 - 5.8. The hemoglobin in blood establishes an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9ECh. 5 - 5.10. If and gases were contained in a system...
Ch. 5 - 5.11. Determine the numerical value of Q for the...Ch. 5 - 5.12. True or false: If all the partial pressures...Ch. 5 - For the reaction 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) when 2mol of...Ch. 5 - 5.14. Determine and for the following reaction at...Ch. 5 - 5.15. Consider the reaction
If the partial...Ch. 5 -
5.16. In atmospheric chemistry, the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17ECh. 5 - 5.18. Hydrogen cyanide can isomerize to hydrogen...Ch. 5 - 5.19. Assume that a reaction exists such that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20ECh. 5 - 5.21. Show that if the coefficients of a balanced...Ch. 5 - 5.22. True or false: If for a gas-phase reaction,...Ch. 5 - 5.23. The balanced chemical reaction for the...Ch. 5 - The answers in exercise 5.23 should show that...Ch. 5 - At a high enough temperature, the equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.26ECh. 5 - 5.27. Nitrogen dioxide,, dimerizes easily to form...Ch. 5 - 5.28. Another nitrogen-oxygen reaction of some...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.29ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.30ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.31ECh. 5 - 5.32. For the reaction
. (a) Using in Appendix...Ch. 5 - 5.33. Use the data in Appendix to calculate ...Ch. 5 - 5.34. The of diamond, a crystalline form of...Ch. 5 - 5.35. The densities of graphite and diamond are ...Ch. 5 - Buckminsterfullerene, C60, is a spherical molecule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.37ECh. 5 - At what pressure does H2O have an activity of...Ch. 5 - The bisulfate or hydrogen sulfate anion, HSO4, is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40ECh. 5 - Write the equilibrium constant expression for each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.42ECh. 5 - For the given chemical equilibrium, these data are...Ch. 5 - Biological standard states include specifying a...Ch. 5 - a At 25.0C, Kw for the autoionization of water is...Ch. 5 - 5.46. For a reaction whose standard enthalpy...Ch. 5 - 5.47. For the reaction
and . Estimate for this...Ch. 5 - 5.48. The isotope exchange reaction
has an...Ch. 5 - 5.49. Consider the following equilibrium:
What...Ch. 5 - 5.50. For the equilibrium
Equilibrium partial...Ch. 5 - The decomposition of NaHCO3, used in kitchens to...Ch. 5 - 5.52. For the equilibrium
at,. In a flask, of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.53ECh. 5 - 5.54. For the reaction
The equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55ECh. 5 - 5.56. Of the amino acids listed in Table , which...Ch. 5 - 5.57. Determine the concentration of the three...Ch. 5 - 5.58. The formation of zwitterionic glycine, ,...Ch. 5 - 5.59. Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is the sodium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60ECh. 5 - Consider the balanced chemical reaction...Ch. 5 - For the gas-phase reaction 2H2+O22H2O rxnG is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.63ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.64E
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- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forward7:12 Question 15 of 50 Submit For the decomposition of mercury(II) oxide, HgO, to mercury and oxygen: 2HgO(s) → 2Hg(1) + O₂(g) AG = 117.1 kJ What is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation (AGF) of mercury(II) oxide? A) -117.1 kJ/mol B) -58.6 kJ/mol C) +58.6 kJ/mol D) +117.1 kJ/mol Tap here or pull up for additional resources allarrow_forwardThe Δ?vapΔHvap of a certain compound is 19.52 kJ·mol−1 and its ΔSvap is 81.67 J·mol−1·K−1. What is the boiling point of this compound?arrow_forward
- The value of AG° at 241.0 °C for the formation of phosphorous trichloride from its constituent elements, P2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 PC|3 (g) is kJ/mol. At 25.0 °C for this reaction, AH° is –720.5 kJ/mol, AG° is –642.9 kJ/mol, and AS° is – 263.7 J/K. -584.9 6.28 x 104 1.35 x 105 -856.1 -656.9arrow_forwardThe value of AG° at 241.0 °C for the formation of phosphorous trichloride from its constituent elements, P2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 PCl3 (g) is kJ/mol. At 25.0 °C for this reaction, AH° is – 720.5 kJ/mol, AG° is –642.9 kJ/mol, and AS° is – 263.7 J/K 6.28 x 104 -656.9 -584.9 -856.1 1.35 x 105arrow_forwardThe ΔHvap of a certain compound is 46.73 kJ·mol−1 and its ΔSvap is 64.96 J·mol−1·K−1. What is the boiling point of this compound?arrow_forward
- 8. Given: 2 HI (g) H2 (g) + 12 (g) AH < 0 This reaction is placed in a closed vessel and allowed to reach equilibrium. If H2 is removed, would the vessel feel cold or warm? Explain.arrow_forwardDinitrogen trioxide decomposes to NO and NO2 in an endothermic process (AH = + 40,5 kJ/mol). 4. N2O3 (g) = NO (g) + NO2 (g) Predict the effect of the following changes on the position of the equilibrium; that is, state which way the equilibrium will shift (left, right, or no change) when each of the following changes is made. Motivate each prediction fully. (a) Adding more N2O3 (g) (b) Adding more NO2 (g) (c) Decreasing the temperature (d) Increasing the container volumearrow_forwardConsider the reaction CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH–(aq). Kb for CO32- is 2.1 × 10–4 at 25°C. What is Ka for the HCO3- ion at 25°C?arrow_forward
- Write the reaction quotient, Q., for each of the following reactions: (a) The first step in nitric acid production, NH3(g) + Oz(g) NO(g) + H20(g) –arrow_forwardThe reaction 3 O2(g) - 2 O3 (g) has ΔH = +285 kJ/mol. Does the equilibrium constant for the reaction increase or decrease when the temperature increases?arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for the reaction, 3 H2(g) + N2(g)= 2NH3(g), at a given temperature is 1.4 x 10–7. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of ammonia, if [H2] = 1.2 x 10–2 mol L–1 and [N2] = 3.2 x 10–3 mol L–1.arrow_forward
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