For the reaction
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Physical Chemistry
- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forwardConsider the reaction NH4+(aq) H+(aq)+NH3(aq) Use G f for NH3(aq) at 25C=26.7 kJ/mol and the appropriate tables to calculate (a) G at 25C (b) Ka at 25Carrow_forwardCalculate E°, G°, and K at 25°C for the reaction 3Mn2+(aq)+2MnO4(aq)+2H2O5MnO2(s)+4H+(aq)arrow_forward
- Calculate K at 25°C for each of the reactions referred to in Question 32. Assume smallest whole-number coefficients.arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for a certain reaction increases by a factor of 6.67 when the temperature is increased from 300.0 K to 350.0 K. Calculate the standard change in enthalpy (H) for this reaction (assuming H is temperature-independent).arrow_forwardAnother step in the metabolism of glucose, which occurs after the formation of glucose6-phosphate, is the conversion of fructose6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate(bis meanstwo): Fructose6-phosphate(aq) + H2PO4(aq) fructose l,6-bisphosphate(aq) + H2O() + H+(aq) (a) This reaction has a Gibbs free energy change of +16.7 kJ/mol of fructose6-phosphate. Is it endergonic or exergonic? (b) Write the equation for the formation of 1 mol ADP fromATR for which rG = 30.5 kJ/mol. (c) Couple these two reactions to get an exergonic process;write its overall chemical equation, and calculate theGibbs free energy change.arrow_forward
- Calculate G for the following reactions and state whether each reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions at 298 K. (a) 2Na(s) + H2SO4() Na2SO4(s) + H2(g) (b) Cu(s) + H2SO4() CuSO4(s) + H2(g)arrow_forwarda Calculate K1, at 25C for phosphoric acid: H3PO4(aq)H+(aq)+H2PO4(aq) b Which thermodynamic factor is the most significant in accounting for the fact that phosphoric acid is a weak acid? Why ?arrow_forwardUse the values for G f in Appendix 1 to calculate Ksp for barium sulfate at 25C. Compare with the value given in Chapter 15.arrow_forward
- Calculate the standard Gibbs free-energy change when SO3 forms from SO2 and O2 at 298 K. Why is sulfur trioxide an important substance to study? (Hint: What happens when it combines with water?)arrow_forwardWhat is a spontaneous reaction?arrow_forwardConsider the reactions in the table. (a) Write the equilibrium constant in terms of activities for the chemical reaction of fire extinguishers: 2NaHCO3 (s) ↔ Na2CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g) ΔrH = 135.54 KJ (b) At 300 K the equilibrium constant is 3.95x10-6 for the reaction in (a), what is ΔrGo? (c) State in words: what happens to the equilibrium when temperature is increased? Then, verify by finding K for the reaction in (a) at 420 K.arrow_forward
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