Concept explainers
Plant-wide, department, and ABC Indirect cost rates. Roadster Company (RC) designs and produces automotive parts. In 2017, actual variable manufacturing
- 1. Compute the manufacturing overhead allocated to each customer in 2017 using the simple costing system that uses machine-hours as the allocation base.
Required
- 2. Compute the manufacturing overhead allocated to each customer in 2017 using department-based manufacturing overhead rates.
- 3. Comment on your answers in requirements 1 and 2. Which customer do you think was complaining about being overcharged in the simple system? If the new department-based rates are used to price contracts, which customer(s) will be unhappy? How would you respond to these concerns?
- 4. How else might RC use the information available from its department-by-department analysis of
manufacturing overhead costs ? - 5. RC’s managers are wondering if they should further refine the department-by-department costing system into an ABC system by identifying different activities within each department. Under what conditions would it not be worthwhile to further refine the department costing system into an ABC system?
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Horngren's Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (16th Edition)
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Financial Accounting (11th Edition)
Horngren's Financial & Managerial Accounting, The Managerial Chapters (6th Edition)
Intermediate Accounting
Principles of Accounting Volume 1
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- Evans, Inc., has a unit-based costing system. Evanss Miami plant produces 10 different electronic products. The demand for each product is about the same. Although they differ in complexity, each product uses about the same labor time and materials. The plant has used direct labor hours for years to assign overhead to products. To help design engineers understand the assumed cost relationships, the Cost Accounting Department developed the following cost equation. (The equation describes the relationship between total manufacturing costs and direct labor hours; the equation is supported by a coefficient of determination of 60 percent.) Y=5,000,000+30X,whereX=directlaborhours The variable rate of 30 is broken down as follows: Because of competitive pressures, product engineering was given the charge to redesign products to reduce the total cost of manufacturing. Using the above cost relationships, product engineering adopted the strategy of redesigning to reduce direct labor content. As each design was completed, an engineering change order was cut, triggering a series of events such as design approval, vendor selection, bill of materials update, redrawing of schematic, test runs, changes in setup procedures, development of new inspection procedures, and so on. After one year of design changes, the normal volume of direct labor was reduced from 250,000 hours to 200,000 hours, with the same number of products being produced. Although each product differs in its labor content, the redesign efforts reduced the labor content for all products. On average, the labor content per unit of product dropped from 1.25 hours per unit to one hour per unit. Fixed overhead, however, increased from 5,000,000 to 6,600,000 per year. Suppose that a consultant was hired to explain the increase in fixed overhead costs. The consultants study revealed that the 30 per hour rate captured the unit-level variable costs; however, the cost behavior of other activities was quite different. For example, setting up equipment is a step-fixed cost, where each step is 2,000 setup hours, costing 90,000. The study also revealed that the cost of receiving goods is a function of the number of different components. This activity has a variable cost of 2,000 per component type and a fixed cost that follows a step-cost pattern. The step is defined by 20 components with a cost of 50,000 per step. Assume also that the consultant indicated that the design adopted by the engineers increased the demand for setups from 20,000 setup hours to 40,000 setup hours and the number of different components from 100 to 250. The demand for other non-unit-level activities remained unchanged. The consultant also recommended that management take a look at a rejected design for its products. This rejected design increased direct labor content from 250,000 hours to 260,000 hours, decreased the demand for setups from 20,000 hours to 10,000 hours, and decreased the demand for purchasing from 100 component types to 75 component types, while the demand for all other activities remained unchanged. Required: 1. Using normal volume, compute the manufacturing cost per labor hour before the year of design changes. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 2. Using normal volume after the one year of design changes, compute the manufacturing cost per hour. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 3. Before considering the consultants study, what do you think is the most likely explanation for the failure of the design changes to reduce manufacturing costs? Now use the information from the consultants study to explain the increase in the average cost per unit of product. What changes would you suggest to improve Evanss efforts to reduce costs? 4. Explain why the consultant recommended a second look at a rejected design. Provide computational support. What does this tell you about the strategic importance of cost management?arrow_forwardAutomotive Products (AP) designs and produces automotive parts. In 2014, actual variable manufacturing overhead is $308,600. AP’s simple costing system allocates variable manufacturing overhead to its three customers based on machine-hours and prices its contracts based on full costs. One of its customers has regularly complained of being charged noncompetitive prices, so AP’s controller Devon Smith realizes that it is time to examine the consumption of overhead resources more closely. He knows that there are three main departments that consume overhead resources: design, production, and engineering. Interviews with the department personnel and examination of time records yield the following detailed information. Compute the manufacturing overhead allocated to each customer in 2014 using the simple costing system that uses machine-hours as the allocation base.2. Compute the manufacturing overhead allocated to each customer in 2014 using department-based manufacturing overhead…arrow_forwardThe Fleming Company of Anguilla (FCA) designs and produces automotive parts. In 2019, actual variable manufacturing overhead is $280,000. FCA’s simple costing system allocates variable manufacturing overhead to its three customers based on machine-hours and prices its contractsbased on full costs. One of its customers has regularly complained of being charged noncompetitive prices, so FCA’s controller Matthias Hodge realizes that it is time to examine the consumption of overhead resources more closely. He knows that there are three main departments that consume overhead resources: design, production, and engineering. Interviews with the department personnel and examination of time records yield the following detailed information: Department Cost Driver ManufacturingOverhead in 2019 Usage of Cost of Drivers by Customer Contract GumbsMotors ConnorMotors RichardsonAutoDesign CAD design hours $ 35,000 150 250 100Production Engineering hours 25,000 130 100 270Engineering Machine hours…arrow_forward
- The Fleming Company of Anguilla (FCA) designs and produces automotive parts. In 2019, actual variable manufacturing overhead is $280,000. FCA’s simple costing system allocates variable manufacturing overhead to its three customers based on machine-hours and prices its contractsbased on full costs. One of its customers has regularly complained of being charged noncompetitive prices, so FCA’s controller Matthias Hodge realizes that it is time to examine the consumption of overhead resources more closely. He knows that there are three main departmentsthat consume overhead resources: design, production, and engineering. Interviews with the department personnel and examination of time records yield the following detailed information: Department Cost Driver ManufacturingOverhead in 2019 Usage of Cost of Drivers by Customer Contract GumbsMotors ConnorMotors RichardsonAutoDesign CAD design hours $ 35,000 150 250 100Production Engineering hours 25,000 130 100 270Engineering Machine hours…arrow_forwardJean Sharpe decides to gather additional data to identify the cause of overhead costs and figure out which products are most profitable. She notices that $30,000 of the overhead originated from the equipment used. She decides to incorporate machine-hours into the overhead allocation base to determine the effect on product profitability. Almond Dream requires 2 machine-hours per case, Krispy Krackle requires 7 hours per case, and Creamy Crunch requires 6 hours per case. Additionally, Jean notices that the $15,000 per month spent to rent 10,000 square feet of factory space accounts for almost 22 percent of the overhead. The assignment of square feet is 1,000 to Almond Dream, 4,000 to Krispy Krackle, and 5,000 to Creamy Crunch. Jean decides to incorporate this into the allocation base for the rental costs. Because labor-hours are still an important cost driver for overhead, Jean decides that she should use labor-hours to allocate the remaining $24,500. CBI still plans to produce 1,000…arrow_forwardJean Sharpe decides to gather additional data to identify the cause of overhead costs and figure out which products are most profitable. She notices that $30,000 of the overhead originated from the equipment used. She decides to incorporate machine-hours into the overhead allocation base to determine the effect on product profitability. Almond Dream requires 2 machine-hours per case, Krispy Krackle requires 7 hours per case, and Creamy Crunch requires 6 hours per case. Additionally, Jean notices that the $15,000 per month spent to rent 10,000 square feet of factory space accounts for almost 22 percent of the overhead. The assignment of square feet is 1,000 to Almond Dream, 4,000 to Krispy Krackle, and 5,000 to Creamy Crunch. Jean decides to incorporate this into the allocation base for the rental costs. Because labor-hours are still an important cost driver for overhead, Jean decides that she should use labor-hours to allocate the remaining $24,500. CBI still plans to produce 1,000…arrow_forward
- Jean Sharpe decides to gather additional data to identify the cause of overhead costs and figure out which products are most profitable. She notices that $30,000 of the overhead originated from the equipment used. She decides to incorporate machine-hours into the overhead allocation base to determine the effect on product profitability. Almond Dream requires 2 machine-hours per case, Krispy Krackle requires 7 hours per case, and Creamy Crunch requires 6 hours per case. Additionally, Jean notices that the $15,000 per month spent to rent 10,000 square feet of factory space accounts for almost 22 percent of the overhead. The assignment of square feet is 1,000 to Almond Dream, 4,000 to Krispy Krackle, and 5,000 to Creamy Crunch. Jean decides to incorporate this into the allocation base for the rental costs. Because labor-hours are still an important cost driver for overhead, Jean decides that she should use labor-hours to allocate the remaining $24,500. CBI still plans to produce 1,000…arrow_forwardDepartment costing, service company. DLN is an architectural rm that designs and builds buildings. It prices each job on a cost plus 20% basis. Overhead costs in 2017 are $8,100,000. DLN’s simple costing system allocates overhead costs to its jobs based on number of jobs. There were three jobs in 2017. One customer, Chandler, has complained that the cost and price of its building in Chicago was not competitive. As a result, the controller has initiated a detailed review of the overhead allocation to determine if overhead costs should be charged to jobs in proportion to consumption of overhead resources by jobs. She gathers the following information:arrow_forwardBrees, Inc., a manufacturer of golf carts, has just received an offer from a supplier to provide 2,600 units of a component used in its main product. The component is a track assembly that is currently produced internally. The supplier has offered to sell the track assembly for $65 per unit. Brees is currently using a traditional, unit-based costing system that assigns overhead to jobs on the basis of direct labor hours. The estimated traditional full cost of producing the track assembly is as follows: Direct materials $40.00 Direct labor 16.00 Variable overhead 4.00 Fixed overhead 40.00 Prior to making a decision, the company’s CEO commissioned a special study to see whether there would be any decrease in the fixed overhead costs. The results of the study revealed the following: 3 setups—$1,180 each (The setups would be avoided, and total spending could be reduced by $1,180 per setup.) One half-time inspector is needed. The company already uses part-time inspectors hired…arrow_forward
- For many years, Yotsuya Company has used a manufacturing overhead rate based on direct labor hours. A new plant accountant has suggested that the company may be able to assign overhead costs to products more accurately by using an activity-based costing system. The accountant explains that by creating an overhead rate for each production activity that causes overhead costs, the resulting product costs will reflect an accurate measure of overhead cost. The direct material cost is P120 per unit. The budgeted hours is 8,030 direct labor hours. The accountant has identified activity centers to which overhead costs are assigned. The cost pool amounts for theses centers and their selected activity drivers for 2019: Activity Centers Costs Activity Drivers Materials handling P60,000 1,200 times handled Scheduling and setups 80,000 400 setups Design section 10,750 100 changes No. of parts 50,000 500 parts P200,750 The company’s products…arrow_forwardIsaacson's Fine Furnishings manufactures upscale custom furniture.Isaacson'scurrently uses a plantwide overhead rate based on direct labor hours to allocate its $1,100,000 of manufacturing overhead to individual jobs. However, Delores Cermak,owner and CEO, is considering refining the company's costing system by using departmental overhead rates. Currently, the Machining Department incurs $740,000 of manufacturing overhead while the Finishing Department incurs $360,000 of manufacturing overhead. Cermak has identified machine hours (MH) as the primary manufacturing overhead cost driver in the Machining Department and direct labor (DL) hours as the primary cost driver in the Finishing Department. 1. Compute the plantwide overhead rate assuming that Isaacson's expects to incur 27,500 total DL hours during the year. 2. Compute departmental overhead rates assuming that Isaacson's expects to incur 14,800 MH in the Machining Department and 18,000 DL hours in the Finishing…arrow_forwardTerpsCo allocates its factory overhead based on the traditional method because the production process is labor-intensive. The cost driver for allocating overhead is direct labor hours. During the period, the company produced 5,000 units of Product A requiring a total of 1,600 labor hours and 2,500 units of Product B requiring a total of 400 labor hours. What allocation rate should be used if the company incurs overhead costs of $20,000? Group of answer choices A. None of these. B. $2.67 per unit C. $12.50 per labor hour for Product A and $50 per labor hour for Product B D. $10 per labor hourarrow_forward
- Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage Learning