Chapter 4, Problem 4.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of alcohol that is required to prepare the given aldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction.  When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde.  When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol.  When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone.  This cannot be further oxidized.  Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction.  Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}$ or ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of alcohol that is required to prepare the given ketone has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction.  When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde.  When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol.  When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone.  This cannot be further oxidized.  Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction.  Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}$ or ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of alcohol that is required to prepare the given ketone has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction.  When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde.  When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol.  When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone.  This cannot be further oxidized.  Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction.  Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}$ or ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of alcohol that is required to prepare the given ketone has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction.  When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde.  When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol.  When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone.  This cannot be further oxidized.  Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction.  Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}$ or ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$.