Chapter 4, Problem 4.109EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given hemiacetal in an acid solution has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom.  Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.  Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product.  This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.

Acetals are stable in basic solution.  But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis.  Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the compound splits into two or more fragments when water is added to the compound in presence of acid or base as catalyst.  Acetals undergo hydrolysis to give the respective starting materials from which it is formed.

Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,

Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given acetal in an acid solution has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom.  Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.  Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product.  This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.

Acetals are stable in basic solution.  But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis.  Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the compound splits into two or more fragments when water is added to the compound in presence of acid or base as catalyst.  Acetals undergo hydrolysis to give the respective starting materials from which it is formed.

Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,

Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given hemiacetal in an acid solution has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom.  Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.  Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product.  This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.

Acetals are stable in basic solution.  But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis.  Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the compound splits into two or more fragments when water is added to the compound in presence of acid or base as catalyst.  Acetals undergo hydrolysis to give the respective starting materials from which it is formed.

Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,

Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given acetal in an acid solution has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom.  Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.  Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product.  This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.

Acetals are stable in basic solution.  But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis.  Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the compound splits into two or more fragments when water is added to the compound in presence of acid or base as catalyst.  Acetals undergo hydrolysis to give the respective starting materials from which it is formed.

Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,

Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule.  The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,