(a)
Interpretation:
IUPAC name has to be given for all unbranched-chain saturated compounds that can be named as heptanals.
Concept Introduction:
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same
For naming an aldehyde in
IUPAC rules for naming an aldehyde:
- • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carbonyl group.
- • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-al”.
- • Numbering is done in a way that the carbonyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is always numbered 1.
- • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
- • If the carbonyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carbaldehyde” is added as suffix.
(b)
Interpretation:
IUPAC name for all possible saturated unbranched ketones that are named as heptanones has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
Aldehydes and ketones have constitutional isomers. Functional group isomerism exists between aldehyde and ketones. Aldehydes and ketones that have same degree of saturation and same number of carbon atoms are functional group isomers. In aldehyde, skeletal isomerism is possible where the group attached to the carbonyl carbon atom connectivity is changed. In ketones positional isomerism is possible where the carbonyl group is moved within the carbon chain.
For naming a ketone in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-one” is added to the parent alkane name.
IUPAC rules for naming a ketone:
- • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carbonyl group.
- • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-one”.
- • Numbering is done in a way that the carbonyl group gets the least numbering. The position of the carbonyl group is indicated in the name.
- • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
- • Cyclic ketones are named by adding the suffix “-one” to the name of the carbon ring. The substituents are numbered so that it gets the least numbering starting from the carbonyl group that is given the number 1.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
- In the decomposition reaction in solution B → C, only species C absorbs UV radiation, but neither B nor the solvent absorbs. If we call At the absorbance measured at any time, A0 the absorbance at the beginning of the reaction, and A∞ the absorbance at the end of the reaction, which of the expressions is valid? We assume that Beer's law is fulfilled.arrow_forward> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardDon't use ai to answer I will report you answerarrow_forward
- Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence pointarrow_forwardWhat is the name of the following compound? SiMe3arrow_forwardK Draw the starting structure that would lead to the major product shown under the provided conditions. Drawing 1. NaNH2 2. PhCH2Br 4 57°F Sunny Q Searcharrow_forward
- 7 Draw the starting alkyl bromide that would produce this alkyne under these conditions. F Drawing 1. NaNH2, A 2. H3O+ £ 4 Temps to rise Tomorrow Q Search H2arrow_forward7 Comment on the general features of the predicted (extremely simplified) ¹H- NMR spectrum of lycopene that is provided below. 00 6 57 PPM 3 2 1 0arrow_forwardIndicate the compound formula: dimethyl iodide (propyl) sulfonium.arrow_forward
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning





