Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 6CTQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The reason behind each orbital of
Concept introduction: Two or more of orbitals undergo redistributions of their different energies so as to form mathematically averaged orbitals in terms of energy although they may differ in shape and orientation. The energy and orientation of the new hybrid orbital depends upon by the kind and number of orbitals used in the hybridization.
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Harry creates a compound that contains only 1 pi (π) bond in total. The central atom has 4s2, 3d10, and 4p5. There are only 3 surrounding atoms with the electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p5. What is the formula and VSEPR shape for this compound? Explain how this is possible with respect to hybridized orbitals and how electrons are moved around to create this compound.
2) a) Consider the following molecule . Given what you have learned about hybridization theory, draw an image or images explaining the bonding situation in this molecule. I want you to draw out all of the orbitals, hybrid orbitals and how they overlap to form the bonds in the molecule. Indicate the % s or p character in the given atomic and hybrid orbitals. Which C-C bond or bonds are the longest? In a paragraph or so explain the image or images you just drew.
b) Lastly, consider the molecule below. Indicate the Molecular formula, the molar mass, label the hybridization of each atom except for hydrogen, indicate any chiral centers with a *, which bond or bonds are the shortest, identify by name of each functional group with an arrow pointing to the group.
I need the Hybridization, Overlapping orbitals, and Molecular geometry.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 3 - What neutral atom is represented by the electron...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 3 - Consider any one of the four identical hybrid...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 10CTQ
Ch. 3 - On the left side of Figure 3.6, label the areas...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 13CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 14CTQCh. 3 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 3 - Now consider the fully formed molecule on the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1ECh. 3 - Explain why the two molecules below cannot...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ECh. 3 - Consider the incomplete orbital representation of...Ch. 3 - Consider the following orbital representation of...Ch. 3 - Summarize how one determines the hybridization...Ch. 3 - Explain what is wrong with each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8ECh. 3 - Prob. 9ECh. 3 - Complete the following tables, and memorize their...Ch. 3 - Draw orbital representations of bonding in water...Ch. 3 - Draw electron configuration diagrams for carbon in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 13E
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- Give the shape that describes each hybrid orbital set: (a) sp2 (b) sp3d (c) sp (d) sp3d2arrow_forwardThere are two compounds with the molecular formula HN3. One is called hydrogen azide; the other is cyclotriazene. (a) Write the Lewis structure for each compound. (b) Designate the hybridization of each nitrogen in hydrogen azide. (c) What is the hybridization of each nitrogen in cyclotriazene? (d) How many sigma bonds are in hydrogen azide? In cyclotriazene? (e) How many pi bonds are in hydrogen azide? In cyclotriazene? (f) Give approximate values for the N-to-N-to-N bond angles in each molecule.arrow_forwardIn Chapter 6, we study a group of organic cations called carbocations. Following is the structure of one such carbocation, the tert-butyl cation. (a) How many electrons are in the valence shell of the carbon bearing the positive charge? (b) Using VSEPR, predict the bond angles about this carbon. (c) Given the bond angle you predicted in (b), what hybridization do you predict for this carbon?arrow_forward
- Indicate what kind of bonding orbital is formed when the following atomic or hybridized atomic orbitals are combined as shown for each pair of orbitals described below. Please write out your answers using words (options: sigma, pi, or no bond formed). A: an sp3 orbital and an s orbital B: two pz orbitals in a side-to-side fashion C: two px orbitals in a head-to-head fashion D: a px orbital and a pz orbitalarrow_forward2. Complete the table for the indicated compounds Molecule C2H2 SF5- NO3- Lewis structure include lone pairs & formal charges on each atom Resonance structures don't have to include lone pairs; write N/A if there are none Electron Geometry Hybridization on central atom Overlapping orbitals include value of n in the orbital name (e.g. 1s, not s). Write N/A if that kind of bond is not present in the molecule T: Molecular Geometry Bond angle(s) include < as necessary 3D structure and polarity don't have to include lone pairs; draw the |dipole arrow on the molecule or write "non- polar"arrow_forward4. Silicon is an interesting atom because it behaves similarly to carbon. There is speculation in the scientific field that aliens could be made of silicon structures rather than carbon. The following structures are silicon versions of important carbon signaling molecules in our body. 1.) What is the electron geometry and hybridization for each of these structures? H-Si-H H-H Silane Silanone Silicon Dioxide e geometry: e geometry: hybridization: e geometry: hybridization: hybridization: 2.) Based on what you have described above, match the orbital diagram below with the correct molecule above:arrow_forward
- Below is a molecular structure for silicone. Match the correct hybridization to each atom labeled below. (note: each oxygen has 2 lone pairs of electrons on them that aren't shown in the picture below)arrow_forwardWhich atomic orbitals from carbon hybridize to form the bonds in CH4? А) 1s, 2рх, 2p_у, 2p_z В) 2s, 2px, 2p_у, 2р_z С) 3s, Зрх, 2р_у, 2р_z D) 2s, 2px, 2p_yarrow_forwardDraw orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without hybridization—for all the atoms in PH3. Circle the electrons involved in bonding. Draw a three-dimensional sketch of the molecule and show orbital overlap. What bond angle do you expect from the unhybridized orbitals? How well does valence bond theory agree with theexperimentally measured bond angle of 93.3°?arrow_forward
- I have a question regarding hybrid vs atomic orbitals: 1) What would be the hybridizations of C and O in the molecule H2CO? It asks to draw an electron orbital diagram (with arrows) of all the electrons in C before and after hybridization. 2) Draw a diagram of the H2CO molecule showing the overlap of orbitals between the C and O atoms that make up the sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds. Which orbitals make up the σ bond? Which ones form the π bond?arrow_forwardEach Carbon in HC≡CH is sp hybridized. What is not true for sp hybridization? options: One s and one p orbital of Carbon combine to give two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals sp hybrid orbital of one carbon atom overlaps with sp hybrid orbital of the other Carbon atom to form a sigma bond sp hybrid orbitals have 50% character of s One of the p orbitals of Carbon remains unhybradized which is utilized to form a pi bond The sp hybrid orbitals have a linear shape with a bond angle of 180oarrow_forwardWrite orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without hybridization—for all the atoms in PH3. Circle the electrons involved in bonding. Draw a three-dimensional sketch of the molecule and show orbital overlap. What bond angle do you expect from the unhybridized orbitals? How well does valence bond theory agree with the experimentally measured bond angle of 93.3°?arrow_forward
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